ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
The most common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (hematemesis or melena) is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers are a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to erosion of the stomach lining. The acidic environment in the stomach can lead to ulcer formation. Esophageal varices are associated with liver cirrhosis, not a common cause of hemorrhage. Gastric carcinoma may cause bleeding but is less common than peptic ulcers. Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining and can cause bleeding but is not as common as peptic ulcers.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding HCL:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: HCL helps in the digestion of food by creating an acidic environment in the stomach. Step 2: This acidic environment aids in the breakdown of food components, including iron. Step 3: Iron absorption is enhanced in the presence of HCL. Conclusion: Choice B is correct as HCL helps in the absorption of iron. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as HCL does not inhibit pepsinogen, aid in absorption of vitamin B12, or secreted in response to sympathetic stimulation.
Question 3 of 5
Folds in the mucosa of the stomach are called _ which allows the surface area to _.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rugae, Increase. Rugae are folds in the mucosa of the stomach that allow for expansion of the stomach when food is ingested, increasing the surface area for digestion and absorption. Rugae help in mixing and breaking down food efficiently. Explanation: 1. Rugae are specifically found in the stomach to increase surface area for digestion. 2. The folds of rugae help in stretching the stomach to accommodate food intake. 3. Increased surface area aids in better absorption of nutrients. 4. Crypts are invaginations in the mucosa but not related to increasing surface area. 5. Option C and D are incorrect because rugae actually increase, not decrease, the surface area of the stomach.
Question 4 of 5
Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth during the process of digestion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amylase. Amylase is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth during digestion. It is produced in the salivary glands and helps to break down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars like maltose. Lipase (B) breaks down fats, pepsin (C) breaks down proteins, and trypsin (D) is an enzyme that also breaks down proteins but is produced in the pancreas, not in the mouth. Amylase is the only enzyme among the choices that specifically targets carbohydrates in the mouth, making it the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A patient's peripheral parenteral nutrition (PN) bag is nearly empty, and a new PN bag has not arrived yet from the pharmacy. Which intervention by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Infusing 5% dextrose in water will provide the patient with necessary calories and prevent hypoglycemia until the new PN bag arrives. 2. Dextrose infusion will help maintain glucose levels and prevent metabolic complications. 3. Monitoring capillary blood glucose every 6 hours (Choice A) may not provide immediate support to prevent hypoglycemia. 4. Decreasing the PN infusion rate (Choice D) may lead to inadequate nutrition and compromise patient's metabolic needs.