The MOST common cause of neonatal seizuris

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of neonatal seizures, occurring in 1-2 per 1,000 live births, due to perinatal asphyxia impairing cerebral oxygenation and triggering seizures. Vascular events like stroke, infections like meningitis, brain malformations , and metabolic disturbanc(e.g., hypoglycemia) are less common, with HIE dominating due to its prevalence in term infants and direct neuronal injury. Studi(e.g., VolpNeurology of the Newborn) confirm HIprominence, making D the correct answer over other etiologies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spastic quadriplegia is the most seizure-associated CP type, affecting all limbs and often linked to severe brain injury (e.g., HIE), increasing epilepsy risk (~50%). Spastic hemiplegia and diplegia have lower rat(~30% and 20%), while hypotonic and ataxic CP are less epileptogenic. Quadriplegias extensive cortical damage drivits seizure prevalence, making B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: By 9 months, infants pull to stand , use pincer grasp , play pat-a-cake , and imitate sounds , per developmental mileston(e.g., CDC). Coming when called emergcloser to 12 months, requiring advanced cognition and mobility. This lag response versus action makes D the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Major risk factors for febrile seizure recurrence include complex seizurprolonged, focal, or multiple due to their strong recurrence link (~50%). Lower fever , family history of seizuror epilepsy , and low sodium are minor risks with weaker impact. Complex seizurseverity marks D as the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: EEG is universally recommended after a first unprovoked seizure to assess epileptiform activity and guide prognosis, per AAN guidelines. CT , MRI , spinal tap , and ECG are situational (e.g., trauma, infection), not routine. EEGs diagnostic yield in epilepsy makes D the correct answer.