The MOST common cause of daytime incontinence is

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A. an overactive bladder B. infrequent voiding C. detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia D. bladder outlet obstruction

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The consequences of cryptorchidism include all the following EXCEPT

A. infertility B. hydrocele C. inguinal hernia D. testicular malignancy

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The MOST accurate study in a child with suspected renal stone is

A. renal ultra-sonogram B. plain radiograph of the abdomen C. an unenhanced spiral CT scan D. radioisotope studies

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Nephrocalcinosis refers to calcium deposition within the renal tissue. All of the following can cause nephrocalcinosis EXCEPT

A. furosemide B. distal RTA C. hypoparathyroidism D. hyperoxaluria

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The presence of renal parenchymal scarring due to vesicoureteral reflux is best determined by

A. DMSA scan B. renal ultrasonography C. VCUG D. CT scan

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

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