The most common cause of a nasal polyp in children is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) cystic fibrosis. Nasal polyps are more commonly seen in children with cystic fibrosis due to the underlying pathophysiology of this genetic disorder. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by thick, sticky mucus production in the respiratory tract, which can lead to the development of nasal polyps. These polyps are noncancerous growths that can obstruct the nasal passages and cause symptoms like nasal congestion, runny nose, and decreased sense of smell. Option A) aspirin allergy is incorrect because nasal polyps associated with aspirin allergy are more commonly seen in adults rather than children. Option B) juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign tumor that occurs predominantly in adolescent males and is not typically associated with nasal polyps in children. Option C) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, but it is not a common cause of nasal polyps in children. Educationally, understanding the association between cystic fibrosis and nasal polyps is important for pediatric nurses as they care for children with this condition. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of nasal polyps in children with cystic fibrosis can help in early detection and management, ultimately improving the quality of care provided to these patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct treatment of choice for the patient is C) rigid bronchoscopy. Rigid bronchoscopy is the most appropriate intervention for a patient with a respiratory issue that requires direct visualization and potential intervention within the airway. It allows for the removal of foreign bodies, evaluation of airway anatomy, and intervention if needed. Option A) steroids are often used in the treatment of inflammation in various respiratory conditions like asthma, but they would not be the immediate treatment of choice in a situation requiring direct airway intervention. Option B) albuterol is a bronchodilator commonly used in conditions like asthma to relieve bronchospasm but is not the primary treatment for a patient needing airway intervention. Option D) postural drainage is a technique used in conditions like cystic fibrosis to assist with mucous clearance but would not be the primary treatment in a scenario requiring direct airway intervention. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate interventions for pediatric respiratory issues is crucial for nursing practice. Rigid bronchoscopy is a specialized procedure that requires skilled professionals and is essential in managing certain respiratory emergencies in children. Nurses need to have a solid understanding of respiratory procedures to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: Your child will need oral penicillin for 10 days and should feel better in a few days. Rationale: Strep throat is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria, and the treatment of choice is oral penicillin for a full course of at least 10 days to completely eradicate the infection and prevent complications. Penicillin is effective in treating strep throat and helps to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others. Option A is incorrect because strep throat requires antibiotic treatment to prevent complications such as rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation. Bedrest alone will not adequately treat the infection. Option B is incorrect as tonsillectomy is not the first-line treatment for strep throat. Tonsillectomy is considered only if the child has recurrent episodes of strep throat despite appropriate antibiotic treatment. Option D is incorrect as hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics are typically reserved for severe cases of strep throat with complications such as abscess formation or difficulty swallowing. Most cases of strep throat can be effectively treated on an outpatient basis with oral antibiotics. Educational context: It is crucial for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX to understand the appropriate treatment for common pediatric conditions like strep throat. By knowing the correct treatment regimen, nurses can provide optimal care, prevent complications, and educate families on the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics to ensure complete recovery and prevent the spread of infection. Understanding the rationale behind treatment options helps nurses make informed clinical decisions and deliver safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C) You can give your child Tylenol every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain. Rationale: - Viral tonsillitis is not treated with antibiotics (option A) as it is caused by a virus, not bacteria. Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections. - Scheduling a follow-up appointment in 2 weeks (option B) is not the immediate action needed for viral tonsillitis. Addressing the child's symptoms and providing comfort are more pressing concerns. - Giving Tylenol for pain relief (option C) is appropriate as viral tonsillitis can cause discomfort and fever in children. - Placing warm towels around the child's neck (option D) may provide some comfort but does not address the pain directly as Tylenol would. Educational context: It is crucial for nurses and parents to understand the appropriate management of viral tonsillitis in children. Educating parents on symptomatic relief measures like pain management with Tylenol can help alleviate the child's discomfort. This knowledge empowers parents to provide appropriate care at home and prevents unnecessary antibiotic use, which contributes to antibiotic resistance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a child with respiratory distress, stridor, and RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), the appropriate treatment is nebulized racemic epinephrine (Option C). This intervention helps to reduce airway inflammation and swelling, thereby improving breathing and decreasing the risk of respiratory compromise. Intravenous antibiotics (Option A) are not indicated for RSV, which is a viral infection. Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections and would not address the underlying cause of the respiratory distress in this case. Intravenous steroids (Option B) may be used in some cases of croup or acute asthma exacerbation but are not the first-line treatment for RSV in a child with stridor and respiratory distress. Alternating doses of Tylenol and Motrin (Option D) may help to reduce fever and discomfort but do not directly address the respiratory distress and stridor associated with RSV. Educationally, understanding the appropriate treatment for common pediatric respiratory conditions like RSV is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working with children. Knowing the rationale behind each treatment option helps in providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients with respiratory distress.