The MOST appropriate answer to why infants cry in response to another infant's cry is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Empathy begins developing early, though rudimentary.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Testicular self-examination is the best way to detect testicular cancer early. It involves checking the size, shape, and consistency of the testicles to identify any changes or abnormalities. By performing monthly self-exams, men become familiar with the normal feel and appearance of their testicles, making it easier to notice any unusual lumps or swelling that could indicate the presence of cancer. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment of testicular cancer, which is why regular self-exams are recommended, especially for men at higher risk, such as those with a family history of the disease or prior testicular cancer. Annual physician examinations and ultrasounds can also help in detecting testicular cancer, but self-exams are a simple and effective way for men to take an active role in their health and potentially detect any issues early on.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Respiratory distress syndrome is primarily caused by deficient surfactant production in premature infants. Surfactant is a substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs and helps to reduce surface tension, preventing the collapse of the alveoli during exhalation. In premature infants, the lungs may not have produced enough surfactant, leading to difficulty in breathing and inadequate oxygen exchange. This results in respiratory distress syndrome, which is characterized by severe breathing problems in newborns. Overproduction of surfactant, overdeveloped alveoli, or absence of alveoli are not central factors in the development of respiratory distress syndrome.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Regression in toilet training is a common behavior seen in young children, especially during times of stress or change, such as hospitalization. The child may revert to familiar behaviors, such as wearing diapers, as a way of seeking comfort and security during a stressful experience like being in the hospital. It is important for the nurse to reassure the parents that this regression is temporary and normal under the circumstances. By providing support and understanding, the child will likely return to their previous toilet training habits once they are back in their usual environment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alkaline phosphatase level is elevated in clients who smoke due to various reasons unrelated to cancer. Smoking leads to increased alkaline phosphatase production in the liver, and elevated levels can be attributed to liver damage caused by smoking. However, a high alkaline phosphatase level alone cannot be used as a general indicator of cancer because it is not specific to cancer and can be influenced by several other factors. Therefore, it is not a reliable marker for the presence of cancer in individuals who smoke or in the general population.