The minimum required duration for diagnosis of chronic hepatitis in a child with persistent elevation of transaminases is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chronic hepatitis is defined as persistent inflammation of the liver lasting 6 months or more, confirmed by elevated transaminases and histological findings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Heiner syndrome, a rare non-IgE-mediated food allergy, presents with pulmonary symptoms in response to cow's milk protein.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Erythema is not typically associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis unless there is an additional inflammatory condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Maternal hypertensive and renal vascular disease can impair placental function, leading to delayed fetal lung maturation. The other conditions are less directly related to pulmonary development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Immunotherapy is not typically recommended after a single episode of generalized urticaria without systemic symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Irritability is an early sign of shock due to hypoperfusion before hypotension or organ failure develops.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The recommended chest compression rate for infants during CPR is at least 100 per minute to ensure adequate perfusion and circulation during resuscitation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Atropine does not improve skeletal muscle paralysis, which requires pralidoxime.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute asthma management includes nebulized β2 agonists (albuterol), systemic corticosteroids, and ipratropium bromide for severe cases. LABAs and leukotriene modifiers are for long-term control, not acute management.