The “melting of flesh into urine,” an old-timey name, is most descriptive of untreated:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: diabetes mellitus. This term describes the breakdown of body tissues for energy due to lack of insulin, leading to the production of ketones in the urine. In diabetes mellitus, the body cannot use glucose properly, causing the breakdown of fats and proteins. Addison's disease (B) involves adrenal insufficiency, not tissue breakdown. Diabetes insipidus (C) is a disorder of water balance, not tissue breakdown. Cushing syndrome (D) is characterized by excess cortisol production, not tissue breakdown into urine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Hormones balance the body's reactions differently than nerve impulses because: - A: Hormonal responses are slower compared to nerve impulses due to the time it takes for hormones to travel through the bloodstream. - B: Hormones can target specific target cells located in different parts of the body, making their effects more targeted and widespread. - C: Hormonal effects can last longer than the quick, temporary effects of nerve impulses, contributing to sustained physiological changes. Therefore, D encompasses all these aspects, highlighting how hormones differ from nerve impulses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxytocin. Neurones secrete oxytocin, a hormone involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation. Neurones release oxytocin from the hypothalamus into the bloodstream. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic cells, not neurones. Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, and cortisol is released by the adrenal glands. Therefore, the correct answer is oxytocin as it is the hormone secreted by neurones.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pineal gland. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is primarily secreted by the pineal gland located in the brain. The pineal gland responds to darkness by releasing melatonin, which helps to induce sleep. The other choices, B: Thyroid, C: Thymus, and D: Adrenal, do not secrete melatonin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the thymus gland is involved in immune function, and the adrenal glands secrete hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the pineal gland is the correct answer for melatonin secretion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream to reach target organs and regulate various physiological processes. This allows for systemic effects on the body. Choices B and C are incorrect as hormones are not released directly into tissues or skin. Choice D is also incorrect as endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, not through ducts.