ATI RN
jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
The medication that blocks the transportation of glucose across the intestines into the bloodstream to target prandial blood glucose is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acarbose (Precose). Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that blocks the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose in the intestines, reducing glucose absorption and lowering postprandial blood glucose levels. Metformin (A) works by decreasing glucose production in the liver. Rosiglitazone (C) is a thiazolidinedione that improves insulin sensitivity. Glipizide (D) is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. Acarbose specifically targets postprandial blood glucose by blocking glucose absorption in the intestines.
Question 2 of 5
The most appropriate medication indicated for reversing the anticoagulated effects of dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Idarucizumab is a specific reversal agent for dabigatran, directly binding to dabigatran to neutralize its anticoagulant effects. 2. Vitamin K is ineffective for dabigatran reversal, as it mainly works on reversing the effects of vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants like warfarin. 3. Protamine sulfate is used for heparin reversal, not for direct thrombin inhibitor reversal like dabigatran. 4. Fondaparinux is a factor Xa inhibitor and not effective for reversing the effects of dabigatran.
Question 3 of 5
When palpating the prostate gland during the rectal exam, the prostate feels tender, swollen, boggy, and warm. This finding is consistent with:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute bacterial prostatitis. This is because the symptoms of tenderness, swelling, bogginess, and warmth are indicative of an acute inflammatory process, which is commonly seen in acute bacterial prostatitis. This condition typically presents with localized prostate tenderness and inflammation due to a bacterial infection. Other choices are incorrect because: A) A normal prostate gland should not exhibit these signs of inflammation. C) Benign prostatic hyperplasia is typically asymptomatic or may present with obstructive urinary symptoms, not acute inflammatory signs. D) Carcinoma of the prostate usually does not present with acute inflammatory findings on palpation.
Question 4 of 5
The earliest clinical manifestation of diabetic nephropathy is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Microalbuminuria. In diabetic nephropathy, the earliest clinical manifestation is the presence of microalbuminuria, which indicates early kidney damage. This occurs before significant changes in BUN, creatinine, or glomerular filtration rate are observed. Microalbuminuria is a key indicator for monitoring and early intervention in diabetic nephropathy. Incorrect Options: A: An elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - BUN levels may rise in later stages of kidney damage. B: An elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR) - These markers typically increase as kidney function declines, not in the early stages. C: A decreased glomerular filtration rate - GFR decreases as kidney function worsens, not typically an early sign in diabetic nephropathy.
Question 5 of 5
When examining the breast, the "tail of Spence" would be located:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The "tail of Spence" is an extension of breast tissue into the axilla. To locate it, visualize an imaginary line extending laterally from the breast towards the arm, crossing the anterior axillary fold. This is where the tail of Spence is found. A: Incorrect. The upper inner quadrant is closer to the sternum. B: Incorrect. The lower inner quadrant is below the nipple. C: Incorrect. The lower outer quadrant is towards the armpit but not in the axilla like the tail of Spence. Therefore, choice D is correct because the tail of Spence extends laterally across the anterior axillary fold.