Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Dysgeusia, which is a persistent and abnormal distortion of the sense of taste. This condition can be triggered by various factors such as medications or certain diseases. Anosmia, choice A, refers to the loss of the sense of smell, not taste. Xerostomia, choice C, is the medical term for dry mouth, which is not specifically related to a distortion of taste. Hypogeusia, choice D, refers to a reduced ability to taste things, which is not the same as a distortion of the sense of taste.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Corticosteroids are most likely to cause unintentional weight gain. They influence the metabolism and fat distribution in the body, leading to weight gain. On the other hand, antiemetics are drugs that are used to prevent nausea and vomiting, and they do not typically cause weight gain. Sedatives, while they can cause drowsiness and may lead to less physical activity, are not directly associated with weight gain. Lastly, antibiotics are used to fight bacteria and while they can cause temporary digestive issues, they do not typically result in long-term weight gain.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. This leads to an insufficient amount of insulin, which is required to facilitate the transport of glucose into the cells. Consequently, blood glucose levels remain high. The other options are incorrect. Option A is incorrect because urinary excretion of glucose does not directly contribute to blood glucose levels. Option B is incorrect because, while gluconeogenesis does produce glucose, it is not the cause of high glucose levels in type 1 diabetes. Option C is incorrect because absorption efficiency of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract does not affect the amount of insulin available to transport glucose into cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Seafood is a rich source of iodine, essential for maintaining healthy thyroid function and overall metabolic health. While lettuce, broccoli, and pork may contain some iodine, they do not provide as substantial an amount as seafood. Therefore, they are not considered 'good' sources of iodine in comparison.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Adolescence is the most critical stage for building bone mass, which plays a significant role in preventing osteoporosis in later life. During adolescence, approximately 45% of adult bone mass is formed. Although bone mass can be built during infancy, early childhood, and young adulthood, it is not as significant as during adolescence, making choices A, B, and D incorrect. Therefore, focusing on adequate nutrition and physical activity during adolescence is vital for long-term bone health.