The major sign of iron deficiency anemia is pallor. What part is best examined for pallor?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Lower conjunctival sac is the best area to examine for pallor as it is a mucous membrane that reflects the true color of blood vessels. Step 2: Anemia causes decreased hemoglobin levels, leading to paleness visible in lower conjunctival sac. Step 3: Palms, nailbeds, and around the lips may also show pallor, but they can be affected by other factors like skin pigmentation or lighting. Summary: Lower conjunctival sac is the best site for assessing pallor due to its direct reflection of blood vessel color, making it superior to other areas prone to external influences.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antibiotic to prevent pneumonia. Measles can lead to secondary bacterial infections like pneumonia, making antibiotics crucial to prevent complications. Choice A is incorrect as Gentian violet is not recommended for mouth lesions in measles. Choice C is incorrect as Tetracycline eye ointment is not indicated for corneal opacity in measles. Choice D is incorrect as giving Retinol capsules is not a standard management for measles. Antibiotics are essential to prevent and treat bacterial infections associated with measles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Destroying breeding places of mosquitoes. This is the most effective strategy in controlling Dengue fever because it targets the source of the problem by eliminating the breeding grounds of mosquitoes, which are essential for their reproduction. By removing stagnant water and other potential breeding sites, the mosquito population is significantly reduced, thus lowering the risk of Dengue fever transmission. Choice A, stream seeding with larva-eating fish, may help in controlling mosquito larvae in certain water bodies but may not be as effective in widespread control of Dengue fever transmission. Choice C, chemoprophylaxis, is not a primary prevention strategy and may not be practical for large populations. Choice D, teaching people to use mosquito nets, is a helpful preventive measure but may not be as effective as eliminating breeding sites in reducing Dengue fever transmission.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pinworm. Scotch tape swab is used to check for the presence of pinworm eggs around the anal area. The sticky side of the tape picks up the eggs which can then be examined under a microscope. Ascaris, Hookworm, and Schistosoma do not typically involve the detection of eggs using this method, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because clients who are relapses or failures of previous PTB treatment regimens are considered targets for DOTS category. These clients require a more structured and supervised treatment approach to ensure successful treatment outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because sputum negative cavitary cases are not typically targeted for DOTS category as they may not present the same level of treatment complexity as relapses or failures. Choice B is incorrect because clients returning after default may also require DOTS intervention, but they are not specifically categorized as targets for DOTS category. Choice D is incorrect because clients diagnosed for the first time through a positive sputum exam may not necessarily need the same level of supervision and support as relapses or failures.