The major reason for not crushing a sustained release capsule is that, if crushed, the coated beads of the drugs could possibly result in:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Toxicity. Crushing a sustained-release capsule can disrupt the controlled release mechanism, leading to the rapid release of a potentially toxic dose. This can overwhelm the body's ability to metabolize the drug safely, causing toxicity. Disintegration (A) would not be the major concern as the beads would still release the drug. Malabsorption (C) is less likely as the drug would still be absorbed, albeit possibly too quickly. Deterioration (D) refers to physical changes in the drug, not toxicity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: An exaggerated response if the drug is withdrawn. Up-regulation or hypersensitization involves an increase in the number or sensitivity of receptors, leading to an intensified response when the drug is suddenly stopped. This occurs due to the heightened receptor activity and can result in withdrawal symptoms or rebound effects. Choices A and B are incorrect because up-regulation typically results in increased, not decreased, response to the drug. Choice D is incorrect as refractoriness or complete lack of response is more indicative of down-regulation or desensitization.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The patient’s readiness to learn. This is the most essential component because it determines the patient’s receptiveness and ability to understand and apply the medication teaching plan. Assessing the patient’s readiness ensures that the teaching is tailored to their individual needs and learning style, increasing the likelihood of successful medication management. A: Written instructions may be helpful but are not as effective if the patient is not ready to learn. C: Use of colorful charts can enhance understanding, but without considering the patient’s readiness, it may not be as impactful. D: Review of community resources is important but not as crucial as assessing the patient’s readiness to learn for effective medication teaching.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respect for persons. This principle is demonstrated by ensuring the patient's right to self-determination, which means respecting their autonomy and right to make decisions about their own healthcare. This principle is a fundamental aspect of research ethics, emphasizing the importance of treating individuals as autonomous agents. A: Beneficence focuses on doing good for the research subjects and maximizing benefits while minimizing harms, but it does not directly relate to self-determination. C: Justice involves fairness in the selection of research participants and distribution of benefits and burdens, but it is not directly related to self-determination. D: Informed consent is a process that includes providing information to participants to ensure they can make an informed decision about participating in research, which is related to but not the same as respecting self-determination.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Phase I clinical trials primarily focus on evaluating the safety of a new drug, not its effectiveness. Patients in Phase I trials are typically healthy volunteers or patients with a specific condition for which the investigational drug is not the standard treatment. Therefore, a patient understanding this trial phase would recognize that the purpose is to determine the safety profile of the drug. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Phase I trials do not specifically aim to establish the drug's efficacy, compare it to existing treatments, or demonstrate a cure. These aspects are typically addressed in later phases of clinical trials.