The major pharmacologic action of albuterol sulfate (Proventil HFA) is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Albuterol acts as a beta-2 agonist, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle to relieve airway constriction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should assess that the diet of the Hispanic family, which consists mainly of vegetables, legumes, and starches, may provide sufficient amino acids. While this diet may lack animal sources of protein commonly found in meat and milk, plant-based foods like legumes and grains can complement each other to provide all essential amino acids necessary for protein synthesis in the body. This combination of foods essentially forms a complete protein source, supporting overall nutritional needs. It's important for the nurse to recognize the potential nutritional value in the diet and offer education on balanced meal planning to ensure adequate protein intake for the family. The assessment should focus on the overall nutrient adequacy and not solely on the presence of specific food items.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bacterial meningitis can lead to cerebral edema by causing an inflammatory response within the brain tissue. This inflammation can result in the buildup of fluid, leading to edema. Additionally, the inflammatory response can cause an increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier, allowing substances that are not normally able to cross the barrier to do so. This can lead to further disruption in the balance of fluid within the brain. Finally, the inflammatory response and the buildup of fluid can also result in raised intracranial pressure, which can further exacerbate the physiological changes occurring in the brain. Therefore, all of the above changes - cerebral edema, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and raised intracranial pressure - can be seen in cases of bacterial meningitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Monitoring urinary output every hour is crucial in assessing the adequacy of fluid replacement in a client with full-thickness burns. Burn injuries can result in a significant loss of fluid and electrolytes due to increased capillary permeability and excessive fluid shift from the intravascular space to the interstitial space. Adequate fluid replacement is essential to maintain tissue perfusion, prevent hypovolemia, and support organ function. By closely monitoring the urinary output every hour, the nurse can assess renal perfusion, fluid balance, and the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation. A decrease in urinary output can indicate inadequate fluid replacement, while an increase may suggest fluid overload. This information is important in guiding adjustments to the fluid replacement therapy to ensure optimal outcomes for the client. Weights, blood pressure measurements, and assessment of peripheral edema are also important data to monitor in a burn client, but urinary output is the most significant indicator of fluid balance in

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct action to prevent rheumatic fever is to refer children with sore throats for throat cultures (Choice C). Rheumatic fever is caused by an abnormal immune response to a bacterial infection with group A Streptococcus. By promptly diagnosing and treating streptococcal infections with antibiotics, the risk of developing rheumatic fever can be minimized. Conducting throat cultures for children with sore throats helps identify streptococcal infections and allows for appropriate antibiotic treatment, thereby preventing the progression to rheumatic fever. Encouraging routine hypertensive screenings (Choice A) and conducting routine occult blood screenings (Choice B) are not directly related to the prevention of rheumatic fever. Recommending salicylates instead for minor discomforts (Choice D) is contraindicated in cases of suspected or confirmed streptococcal infections due to the risk of worsening symptoms and potentially triggering rheumatic fever.