ATI RN
Nursing Practice Questions for Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
The major cause of neonatal mortality in preterm infant is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS, C) is the leading cause of death in preterm infants due to surfactant deficiency, outranking trauma (A), asphyxia (B), meconium aspiration (D), or PPHN (E).
Question 2 of 5
Neonatal hypocalcemia is considered when serum ionized calcium level is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neonatal hypocalcemia is defined as ionized calcium ≤3.5 mg/dL (A), critical for neuromuscular function, per neonatal standards.
Question 3 of 5
A 3-month-old infant present with history of low birth weight, early-onset jaundice, and seizures; on examination there are hepatosplenomegaly and hydrocephalus; skull films reveal diffuse cortical calcifications. Of the following, the primary method of diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital infection (likely toxoplasmosis) with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and calcifications is best diagnosed by serology (D, IgM/IgG), more definitive than PCR (A), culture (B), CT (C), or CSF (E) alone.
Question 4 of 5
The MOST common congenital infection and the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CMV (C) is the most prevalent congenital infection and top cause of sensorineural hearing loss, affecting ~1% of newborns, per CDC data.
Question 5 of 5
The treatment of choice for neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acyclovir (C) is the standard treatment for neonatal HSV, reducing morbidity and mortality, unlike observation (A), vaccination (B, none exists), IVIG (D), or ganciclovir (E, for CMV).