The maintenance fluid requirement for a 25 kg child per day is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Maintenance fluid calculation follows the Holliday-Segar formula: 100 mL/kg for first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg for next 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg for additional weight. For a 25 kg child: 1600 mL/day.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chest compressions in infants are done using 2 fingers in the center of the chest, ensuring adequate depth and avoiding excessive pressure on fragile ribs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The anion gap is calculated as (Na⁺ - [Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻]) and represents unmeasured anions in plasma. It helps differentiate metabolic acidosis causes, with high values suggesting lactic acidosis or toxin ingestion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A pH of 7.48 indicates alkalosis, and since HCO3 is elevated, it suggests metabolic alkalosis without respiratory compensation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Breath-holding spells are often triggered by emotional reactions such as frustration or anger.