The main vector transmitting malaria in Sabah is Anopheles balabacensis. This vector breeds in

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Temporary collecting of water in jungles. Anopheles balabacensis is a forest-dwelling mosquito species commonly found in jungle environments. They prefer to breed in temporary water collections such as rainwater puddles, small ponds, or stream edges within the jungle. Breeding in urban areas, drains, or rock pools would not be typical for this species based on its natural habitat preference. Therefore, the most suitable breeding site for this vector in Sabah would be temporary water collections in jungles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Basophilic stippling refers to the presence of blue-staining granules in red blood cells, which is a classic finding in chronic lead poisoning due to the inhibition of heme synthesis. In CML, the primary feature is the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. Myelosclerosis is characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, not basophilic stippling. Iron deficiency anemia typically presents with microcytic hypochromic red blood cells, not basophilic stippling. Therefore, the correct answer is C: chronic lead poisoning.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Splenectomy is curative in hereditary spherocytosis because it removes the site of red blood cell destruction. The spleen is responsible for filtering out abnormal or damaged red blood cells in this condition. Removing the spleen stops the destruction of spherocytes, leading to an improvement in anemia. Summary of other choices: A: G6PD def. - Splenectomy does not address the underlying enzyme deficiency causing hemolysis. B: ITP - Splenectomy is used in refractory cases of ITP, but not considered curative. C: Thalassemia - Splenectomy can be used to manage complications in thalassemia but does not cure the underlying genetic defect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thrombocytopenia is absent in Henoch Schonlein purpura because it primarily involves vasculitis, not platelet destruction or consumption. In DIC (A), there is widespread activation of coagulation leading to thrombocytopenia. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome (B) is characterized by low platelet counts due to defective platelet function. Myelosclerosis (D) is a bone marrow disorder causing decreased platelet production, leading to thrombocytopenia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Sideroblastic anemia results in defective heme synthesis, leading to iron accumulation in the mitochondria. 2. This excess iron saturation decreases the Iron Binding Capacity (IBC) in the serum. 3. Therefore, in sideroblastic anemia, increasing serum iron is associated with a decrease in IBC. Summary of other choices: A: Hookworm infestation causes iron deficiency anemia with increased IBC. C: Alcoholic liver disease can lead to iron overload, not a decrease in IBC. D: Thalassemia major is associated with increased IBC due to ineffective erythropoiesis.