The main mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aldosterone, from adrenal cortex's zona glomerulosa, is the primary mineralocorticoid regulates sodium/potassium, blood volume. Cortisol (fasciculata) is a glucocorticoid, minor mineral effect. Glucagon (pancreas) raises glucose, unrelated. Epinephrine (medulla) is catecholamine, not steroid. Aldosterone's electrolyte focus distinguishes it, critical for pressure/fluid balance, unlike glucose or stress hormones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leptin, from adipose tissue, signals satiety to hypothalamus, reducing hunger adiposity feedback. Melatonin (pineal) governs sleep, not eating. Thymosins (thymus) boost immunity, unrelated. Glucagon (pancreas) raises glucose, not satiety. Leptin's appetite control distinguishes it, key to energy balance, unlike sleep, immune, or glucose hormones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) secretes ADH (water balance) and oxytocin (labor) hypothalamus-made, stored/released here, neurohormones. Calcitonin (thyroid) and PTH (parathyroid) regulate calcium, not posterior. Insulin/glucagon are pancreatic, not pituitary. Adrenaline (adrenal medulla) and cortisol (cortex) are adrenal, not neurohypophyseal. ADH-oxytocin pair distinguishes posterior pituitary, key to hypothalamic neural-endocrine link, unlike calcium, glucose, or adrenal hormones.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone) slows metabolism, causing lethargy, weight gain, and anorexia (appetite loss) not diarrhoea, which aligns with hyperthyroidism's increased motility. This exclusion distinguishes hypothyroidism's sluggish profile, critical for diagnosing thyroid disorders. Misattributing diarrhoea to hypothyroidism conflates opposing thyroid states, a key NEET differentiation for endocrine pathology.