Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tachycardia. In the initial stage of shock, the body tries to compensate for decreased perfusion by increasing heart rate to maintain blood flow to vital organs. Cyanosis (A) is a late sign of shock due to inadequate oxygenation. Sweat beads (C) are a non-specific response and not a defining feature of shock. Hypotension (D) typically occurs in the later stages of shock as the body's compensatory mechanisms start to fail. Tachycardia is the earliest and most consistent sign of shock, reflecting the body's attempt to maintain cardiac output.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fever. The first clinical manifestation of physiologic stress ulcer is often a fever due to the body's response to stress. This is because stress can trigger an inflammatory response, leading to an increase in body temperature. Epigastric pain (choice A) is more commonly associated with peptic ulcers. Change in mental status (choice B) is not a typical early symptom of physiologic stress ulcer. Hemorrhage (choice D) is a severe complication that can occur later in the course of the disease, but it is not typically the first clinical manifestation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the placenta performs multiple crucial roles in pregnancy. Firstly, it produces hormones essential for maintaining the pregnancy. Secondly, it provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus for growth and development. Lastly, it removes waste products from the fetus to ensure a healthy environment. Choices A, B, and C individually do not cover all the functions of the placenta, making them incorrect. Selecting option D acknowledges the comprehensive functions of the placenta during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In face presentation, the face is an ill-fitting presenting part, leading to obstructed labor. The face has larger diameters, making it difficult to pass through the birth canal. This differs from vertex delivery where the head can mold to fit. Caput succedaneum is swelling of the soft tissues on the baby's head and does not directly cause obstructed labor.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rhesus D incompatibility. Icterus gravis and hydrops fetalis are conditions associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn, caused by Rhesus D incompatibility between the mother and fetus. This occurs when the mother is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive, leading to the production of antibodies by the mother that attack the baby's red blood cells. This can result in severe jaundice (icterus gravis) and excessive fluid accumulation in the fetus (hydrops fetalis). Summary: - Choice B (ABO incompatibility) is incorrect because it typically causes less severe jaundice and anemia compared to Rhesus D incompatibility. - Choice C (Physiological jaundice) is incorrect as it is a common benign condition in newborns due to immature liver function. - Choice D (Instant perinatal death) is incorrect as it does not specifically relate to the conditions mentioned.