ATI RN
Urinary System Mcq Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The macula densa is part of the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Macula densa is in the distal tubule senses NaCl, signals JGA (e.g., renin regulation). Proximal tubule reabsorbs not senses. Afferent arteriole supplies not tubular. Efferent is post-glomerular unrelated. Distal location distinguishes it, key to feedback, unlike proximal or vascular parts.
Question 2 of 5
Although both BUN and serum creatinine levels are elevated in renal failure, a BUN of 85 mg/dL and a serum creatinine of 3.8 mg/dL would most likely occur in a patient with acute renal failure caused by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A BUN:creatinine ratio >20:1 (here ~22:1) suggests increased tissue breakdown (e.g., trauma), elevating BUN disproportionately, unlike obstruction (postrenal, lower ratio), heart failure (prerenal, moderate), or glomerulonephritis (intrarenal, balanced). This distinguishes catabolic states, key for etiology identification, contrasting with perfusion or obstruction issues.
Question 3 of 5
To prevent the most common serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), it is important for the nurse to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infection (peritonitis) is the top peritoneal dialysis complication; aseptic technique prevents it not slow infusion (flow), bowel prep (constipation), or positioning (comfort). This distinguishes infection control, vital for PD safety, contrasting with procedural adjustments.
Question 4 of 5
Factor affecting GFR are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is influenced by renal blood flow (perfusion), glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (driving filtration), and ureteric obstruction (back pressure reducing filtration) all listed factors. This comprehensive impact distinguishes GFR regulation, critical for kidney function assessment, contrasting with single-factor misconceptions.
Question 5 of 5
The lumbar plexus lies within the substance of the psoas major muscle and its branches have to emerge from the psoas major to reach their final destination. The following branch of lumbar plexus emerges from the medial border of the muscle:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obturator nerve exits the psoas major medially to innervate adductors, unlike iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal (lateral), genitofemoral (anterior), or femoral (lateral). This distinguishes lumbar plexus anatomy, key for surgical approaches, contrasting with other trajectories.