The lower shelf of a bedside stand is generally used for storage of these items:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Bedpan and urinal) because the lower shelf of a bedside stand is typically used for easily accessible items that are used for personal hygiene and comfort, such as bedpans and urinals. These items need to be within reach for patients who may have mobility issues. Choice A (Water pitcher and cup) is usually placed on the upper surface for hydration needs. Choice B (Linen and towel) are typically stored in a linen closet or on a separate shelf. Choice D (Emesis basin and toothbrush) are usually kept within closer reach to the patient for immediate use, not on the lower shelf of a bedside stand.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increases urine formation. Diuretics work by increasing urine production in the kidneys, leading to the removal of excess fluid and salts from the body. This helps to reduce blood pressure and treat conditions like edema and heart failure. Choice B is incorrect because diuretics actually increase urine output. Choice C is incorrect as diuretics can lead to potassium depletion rather than an increase. Choice D is incorrect because diuretics reduce fluid volume in the body by increasing urine formation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because creating a sign to hang near the bed to alert all staff is crucial to ensure proper handling of the 24-hour urine specimen. This helps prevent accidental disposal of the collected urine and ensures that all staff members are aware of the ongoing collection process. A: Using a specimen kit to collect the urine is important, but creating a sign is more crucial for staff awareness. B: Cleaning the perineal area before collecting the specimen is not directly related to the task of ensuring proper handling of the 24-hour urine specimen. C: Using strainers to filter all urine from the resident is not necessary for collecting a 24-hour urine specimen and may not be practical in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C - a draining wound. A sterile dressing is necessary for a draining wound to prevent infection and promote healing. Step 1: A paper cut (Choice A) is a minor wound that does not require a sterile dressing. Step 2: An intact wound (Choice B) does not need a sterile dressing unless there is a risk of infection. Step 3: A clean dry wound (Choice D) also does not require a sterile dressing unless there is a change in the wound status. Overall, a draining wound poses a higher risk of infection, making it essential to apply a sterile dressing to maintain a clean environment and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny grape-like sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. They are essential for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration. Atria (choice A) are chambers of the heart, not found in the lungs. Axilla (choice B) refers to the armpit region, unrelated to lung anatomy. Arteries (choice C) are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, not within the lungs. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it directly relates to the structure and function of the respiratory system.