The long-term complications seen in thalassemia major are associated to which of the following?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production. Individuals with thalassemia major require frequent blood transfusions to manage their anemia, leading to iron overload in the body. Over time, this excess iron can accumulate in various organs such as the liver, heart, and endocrine glands, causing damage and dysfunction. This condition is known as hemochromatosis. Long-term complications of hemochromatosis include liver cirrhosis, heart failure, diabetes, and endocrine disorders. Therefore, the long-term complications seen in thalassemia major are primarily associated with hemochromatosis rather than anemia, growth retardation, or splenomegaly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When assessing a child with croup who is drooling and agitated, the nurse should be aware that examining the throat using a tongue depressor can potentially precipitate a complete airway obstruction. Croup is characterized by upper airway inflammation, particularly around the larynx and trachea, leading to a barking cough, hoarseness, and respiratory distress. In a child with croup who is already showing signs of airway compromise such as drooling and agitation, any manipulation in the throat area can cause further swelling and lead to a complete obstruction of the airway. This can be a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate intervention to secure the airway and ensure adequate oxygenation. Therefore, utmost caution should be taken when performing any procedures that may exacerbate the child's respiratory distress in this situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is a heart defect that involves four specific abnormalities in the heart's structure. One of these abnormalities is a ventricular septal defect, which results in a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This leads to inadequate oxygenation of tissues because some of the blood that is pumped out to the body is not fully oxygenated. As a result, the child may experience fatigue and poor activity tolerance due to the reduced oxygen supply to the tissues and organs. This is why the nurse would expect to see these symptoms in a 3-year-old with tetralogy of Fallot.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct information that the nurse should include in the teaching is that clothing should always fit loosely over the harness. This is important to prevent restriction of movement and ensure comfort for the child wearing the Pavlik harness. Tight clothing can cause discomfort, skin irritation, and interfere with the effectiveness of the harness in positioning the hip properly. Parents should be advised to choose clothing that is loose-fitting and does not put pressure on the harness or the child's skin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.