ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The left suprarenal vein drains into which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Left renal vein. The left suprarenal vein drains into the left renal vein because they are anatomically close and share a common blood supply. The left suprarenal vein carries blood from the left adrenal gland, while the left renal vein receives blood from the left kidney. This anatomical proximity allows for efficient drainage of blood from the adrenal gland into the renal vein for further circulation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the left suprarenal vein does not typically drain into the superior mesenteric vein, inferior hemiazygos, or inferior vena cava.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Secretion of PTH. Low plasma levels of calcium trigger the parathyroid glands to release parathyroid hormone (PTH) to increase calcium levels. PTH acts on the bones to stimulate calcium release, on the kidneys to increase calcium reabsorption, and on the intestines to enhance absorption. A: Secretion of calcitonin is incorrect because calcitonin is released in response to high calcium levels to lower them. B: Secretion of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans is incorrect as these cells secrete insulin in response to high blood glucose levels. C: Inhibition of the adenohypophyseal release of ACTH is incorrect as ACTH is related to stress response, not calcium regulation.
Question 3 of 5
Growth hormone:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because growth hormone is indeed secreted by the adenohypophysis, it stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system, and it is also known as somatotropic hormone. All the statements in choices A, B, and C are true regarding growth hormone, making option D the correct choice. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the functions and characteristics of growth hormone as described in the question.
Question 4 of 5
The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Negative feedback control. This interaction is a classic example of negative feedback control in the endocrine system. Cortisol inhibits the release of ACTH, which in turn reduces the stimulation of cortisol production, creating a feedback loop to maintain hormonal balance. Choice A, cerebral lateralization, refers to the specialization of brain function. Choice B, circadian rhythm, pertains to the 24-hour biological cycle. Choice C, cellular differentiation, involves the process of cells becoming specialized for specific functions. Thus, the correct answer is D because it accurately describes the feedback mechanism at play in the cortisol-ACTH interaction.
Question 5 of 5
Insulin:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because insulin plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes. Firstly, insulin stimulates the formation of glycogen by promoting the uptake of glucose into the liver and muscles for storage. Secondly, it increases the transport of glucose into cells, regulating blood sugar levels. Lastly, insulin also stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats by promoting the uptake of amino acids and fatty acids into cells. Therefore, all the statements in option D are correct based on the functions of insulin.