The least potent topical steroid used in treatment of atopic dermatitis is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone is the least potent topical steroid used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Hydrocortisone is a low-potency corticosteroid that is suitable for use on delicate areas of the skin such as the face, groin, and armpits. It is often recommended for mild cases of atopic dermatitis or for use on children due to its lower potency and decreased risk of side effects compared to stronger steroids. The other options (A) fluticasone, (B) desonide, and (C) betamethasone dipropionate are all more potent topical steroids. Fluticasone, desonide, and betamethasone dipropionate are higher in potency and are typically reserved for more severe cases of atopic dermatitis or for areas of thicker skin where stronger medication may be required. In an educational context, understanding the potency of different topical steroids is crucial for pediatric nurses when managing skin conditions like atopic dermatitis in children. It is important to match the potency of the steroid with the severity of the condition and the age of the patient to ensure effective treatment while minimizing the risk of adverse effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Non-IgE-mediated urticaria is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) because this viral infection can trigger a delayed hypersensitivity reaction leading to skin manifestations like urticaria. EBV can induce immune responses that result in inflammation and skin rashes, characteristic of non-IgE-mediated urticaria. Option A, milk, is incorrect because milk allergy typically triggers an IgE-mediated response, not non-IgE-mediated urticaria. Hymenoptera venom (Option B) usually causes IgE-mediated allergic reactions or venom hypersensitivity, not non-IgE-mediated urticaria. Latex (Option D) can lead to allergic reactions, but these are predominantly IgE-mediated. In an educational context, understanding the different mechanisms of allergic reactions is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately assess, diagnose, and manage pediatric patients presenting with urticaria. Recognizing the specific triggers for non-IgE-mediated urticaria, such as viral infections like EBV, helps nurses provide appropriate care and interventions for affected children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and anaphylaxis, it is crucial to understand the presentation of symptoms to provide timely and effective care to children. The correct answer, option C) 20%, is the most appropriate choice because anaphylaxis can present with cutaneous symptoms being absent in approximately 20% of cases. This fact highlights the variability in symptomatology that can occur during an anaphylactic reaction, emphasizing the need for healthcare providers to consider a wide range of possible presentations in pediatric patients. Options A) 5%, B) 10%, and D) 30% are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the percentage of anaphylactic cases where cutaneous symptoms may be absent. Understanding this specific percentage is crucial in pediatric nursing practice to avoid overlooking potential cases of anaphylaxis that may present without typical skin manifestations like hives or rash. Educationally, this question serves to reinforce the importance of comprehensive knowledge in pediatric nursing, particularly in recognizing and managing life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis. By understanding the nuances of symptom presentation, nurses can enhance their clinical assessment skills and provide prompt interventions to pediatric patients experiencing allergic reactions. This question underscores the need for pediatric nurses to maintain a high level of vigilance and proficiency in handling emergent situations in pediatric care settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question from the Pediatric Nurse Exam Sample Questions, the correct answer is C) shellfish. The rationale behind this is that shellfish allergies typically have a later onset of presentation compared to other common allergens. Shellfish allergies often manifest later in childhood or even in adulthood, whereas allergies to substances like hen's egg white, peanuts, and soybean tend to present earlier in life. This is important for pediatric nurses to recognize, as the timing of onset can impact diagnosis, management, and education for both the patient and their caregivers. Hen's egg white and peanuts are known to be common allergens in young children, often presenting early in infancy or toddlerhood. Soybean allergies are also typically identified early in life. Understanding the typical onset of these allergens can help healthcare providers differentiate and diagnose food allergies more effectively. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the variability in onset times for different food allergies. By understanding these patterns, pediatric nurses can better assess, diagnose, and manage food allergies in their young patients, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fixed drug eruption is a localized cutaneous reaction that occurs in response to a specific medication. In this case, the correct answer is C) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, are known to cause fixed drug eruptions in some individuals. These eruptions typically appear as round or oval erythematous patches on the skin. Option A) allopurinol is commonly associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, not fixed drug eruptions. Option B) cephalosporins are more commonly linked to allergic reactions like hives or anaphylaxis rather than fixed drug eruptions. Option D) nitrofurantoin is known to cause drug-induced lupus or pulmonary reactions but is not a common culprit for fixed drug eruptions. Educationally, understanding the specific skin reactions caused by different medications is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, as they need to recognize and manage adverse drug reactions in children effectively. Recognizing the characteristic presentation of fixed drug eruptions can aid in prompt identification and appropriate management, such as discontinuing the offending medication and providing symptomatic relief.