The layer of epidermis which prevent the entry of water and other substance in the body-

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Stratum lucidum. This layer of the epidermis is known for its clear, translucent appearance and plays a key role in forming a barrier that prevents the entry of water and other substances into the body. It is located between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Stratum spongiosum is not a recognized layer of the epidermis. B: Stratum granulosum is involved in the production of keratin and the formation of the skin barrier, but it is not specifically responsible for preventing the entry of water and other substances. C: Stratum germinativum, also known as the stratum basale, is responsible for cell division and regeneration, not primarily for barrier function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dermatitis. Dermatitis refers to skin inflammation, and when it primarily involves the papillary layer (located in the dermis), it is termed papillary dermatitis. This layer contains blood vessels, nerves, and collagen fibers, making it a common site for inflammation. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Papillitis specifically refers to inflammation of the papillae on the tongue or eye. C: Epidermatitis would suggest inflammation of the epidermis layer, not the papillary layer. D: Melanocytic relates to melanocytes, which are pigment-producing cells in the skin, not inflammation of the papillary layer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Accessory structures of the integument, like hair and nails, do not provide direct protection to the skull. Skull protection primarily comes from the cranial bones and meninges. Hair and nails are involved in thermoregulation, sensation of touch, and production of skin pigments. Therefore, choice A is incorrect as the accessory structures do not directly protect the skull but serve other functions related to the integument system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: stratum corneum. This is the outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead skin cells filled with keratin. It provides protection against environmental factors. Stratum spinosum (B) is a layer below the stratum corneum, stratum basale (C) is the deepest layer where cells divide, and stratum granulosum (D) is a layer above the stratum corneum where cells start to flatten and keratinize. The stratum corneum is the toughest and most superficial layer, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: merocrine sweat glands. These glands are responsible for producing perspiration, which is a watery fluid that helps regulate body temperature. Merocrine glands release sweat directly onto the skin's surface without losing any cellular components, ensuring efficient cooling. A: Apocrine sweat glands produce a thicker, odorless substance in areas like the armpits and groin. B: Ceruminous glands produce earwax to protect the ear canal. C: Sebaceous glands produce sebum to moisturize the skin and hair. In summary, merocrine sweat glands are the correct choice as they specifically produce perspiration for cooling purposes, distinguishing them from the other gland types mentioned.