The lateral end of the pronephric tubules opens in:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lateral ends of pronephric tubules connect to the intraembryonic coelomic cavity not amniotic, yolk sac, extraembryonic coelom, or duct (medial). This reflects their nephrotome origin, key for early filtration, contrasting with medial drainage or external spaces.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Urachus (allantois remnant) connects umbilicus to bladder apex not neck, base, or penis; 'abus' likely OCR error for apex. This defines urachal path, critical for anomalies, contrasting with misplacements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Renin activates angiotensin cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (e.g., JGA response to low BP), triggering RAAS. Vitamin D activation is kidney's calcitriol role not renin. RBC stimulation is erythropoietin not renin. Vasoconstriction is angiotensin II downstream. Renin's angiotensin initiation distinguishes it, critical for BP regulation, unlike unrelated or subsequent effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Transitional epithelium allows bladder expansion stretches with urine (e.g., multilayered, ~500 mL). Rugae aid but aren't primary folds alone insufficient. Villi are intestinal not bladder. Pseudostratified is respiratory not here. Epithelium's stretch distinguishes it, critical for capacity, unlike folds or wrong tissues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Glomerular filtration occurs between glomerulus and glomerular capsule plasma filters into Bowman's space (e.g., GFR). Afferent/peritubular are vascular not filtration site. Efferent/peritubular are post-filtration incorrect. Peritubular/tubule is reabsorption not filtration. Glomerulus-capsule interface distinguishes it, critical for filtrate formation, unlike vascular or tubular errors.