The last part of a nephron is the

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nephron ends at the collecting duct, which drains into the renal papilla, unlike the distal convoluted tubule (preceding), glomerulus (start), or papilla (not part). This distinguishes the nephron's final segment, critical for urine concentration, contrasting with earlier structures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Amino acid reabsorption in PCT uses active transport (Na+-linked), not albumin/creatinine (filtration) or water (osmosis). This distinguishes active mechanisms, critical for nutrient retention, contrasting with passive processes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Renal papillae (pyramid tips) drain into minor calyces, not pelvis (later), ureter, or columns (cortex). This specifies urine origin, critical for medullary drainage, contrasting with later flow.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Creatinine clearance measures GFR, not insulin (metabolism), PAH (tubular secretion), or creatine (precursor). This identifies glomerular marker, critical for renal assessment, contrasting with tubular tests.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Renal system regulates pH (H+ excretion), blood pressure (RAAS), and concentration (water/solute) all apply. This encompasses renal roles, critical for homeostasis, contrasting with single functions.