ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The kidneys secrete additional H+ and conserve HCO - to compensate for increased H+ concentration in the body fluids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the statement aligns with the physiological process of renal compensation in response to increased acidity in the body. The kidneys secrete more H+ ions and conserve HCO3- to help maintain the body's pH within a normal range. This process helps to regulate acid-base balance. Choice B is incorrect because it contradicts the known function of the kidneys in maintaining acid-base balance. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information to address the question.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who is taking a potassium-wasting diuretic for treatment of hypertension reports generalized weakness. Which action is appropriate for the nurse to take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ask the patient about loose stools. Generalized weakness in a patient taking a potassium-wasting diuretic may indicate hypokalemia, which can be caused by excessive potassium loss through the kidneys. Loose stools can contribute to potassium loss. By asking about loose stools, the nurse can assess for potential potassium depletion and take appropriate action, such as monitoring potassium levels, adjusting medication dosage, or recommending dietary changes. Incorrect choices: A: Assess for facial muscle spasms - This is not directly related to generalized weakness in this context. C: Recommend the patient avoid drinking orange juice with meals - Orange juice is a good source of potassium and avoiding it may exacerbate potassium deficiency. D: Suggest that the health care provider order a basic metabolic panel - While this may provide information on electrolyte levels, directly addressing the potential cause of potassium loss through loose stools is more appropriate.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who has been receiving diuretic therapy is admitted to the emergency department with a serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. The nurse should alert the health care provider immediately that the patient is on which medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg/day. Rationale: 1. Digoxin can cause hypokalemia as a side effect. 2. Diuretics can further lower potassium levels, leading to digoxin toxicity. 3. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. 4. Serum potassium of 3.0 mEq/L is below normal range, indicating increased risk of toxicity. 5. Alerting the healthcare provider immediately is crucial to prevent severe complications. Summary: - Ibuprofen does not directly affect potassium levels. - Lantus insulin and Metoprolol are not typically associated with hypokalemia. - Digoxin is the most concerning choice due to its potential interaction with low potassium levels.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with renal failure who arrives for outpatient hemodialysis is unresponsive to questions and has decreased deep tendon reflexes. Family members report that the patient has been taking aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide suspension (Maalox) at home for indigestion. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Notify the patient's health care provider. The patient's unresponsiveness and decreased deep tendon reflexes could be indicative of hypermagnesemia from excessive intake of magnesium-containing antacids like Maalox. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider immediately to address the potential overdose and adjust the patient's treatment plan. Drawing a potassium level (choice B) is not the priority in this situation. Reviewing the last magnesium level on the chart (choice C) may provide some information but does not address the immediate need for intervention. Teaching the patient about magnesium-containing antacids (choice D) can be done later, but the priority is to ensure the patient's safety and well-being by involving the healthcare provider promptly.
Question 5 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a reliable 24-hour urine collection is essential for accurately determining GFR or creatinine clearance. Without a complete and accurate urine collection over 24 hours, the results will be inaccurate. Choice B is incorrect because alternative methods, such as estimating GFR using equations, can be used if a 24-hour urine collection is not possible. Choice C is incorrect because BUN is not a direct measure of GFR or creatinine clearance. Choice D is incorrect because an elevated BUN/creatinine ratio is not typically used to determine GFR or creatinine clearance.