The IVP reveals that Fe has small renal calculus that can be passed out spontaneously. To increase the chance of passing the stones, you instructed her to force fluids and do which of the following?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is "D) Bed rest." Rationale: 1. **Bed rest**: By advising the patient to rest, we aim to minimize movement and activity, which can help prevent the renal calculus from shifting and causing potential pain or obstruction. Resting allows the body to focus on the natural process of passing the stone without added stress. 2. **Why others are wrong**: - **A) Balanced diet**: While a balanced diet is important for overall health, it may not directly impact the passing of a renal calculus. - **B) Ambulate more**: Increasing physical activity could potentially worsen the situation by causing the stone to move and trigger more discomfort. - **C) Strain all urine**: Straining urine is essential to monitor for the passing of stones, but it does not directly aid in the process of passing them. 3. **Educational context**: Understanding the rationale behind bed rest in this situation is crucial for healthcare providers. It highlights the importance of providing appropriate guidance to patients with renal calculi to support their recovery process effectively. By knowing when to advise rest over activity, healthcare professionals can contribute to better patient outcomes and comfort during such conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and patient care, understanding the importance of maintaining proper head and neck alignment is crucial. The correct answer, C) decreased venous outflow, is the right choice because when Conrad's head and neck alignment is kept, it prevents venous compression which could impede venous return from the brain to the heart. This is vital in preventing conditions like cerebral edema or increased intracranial pressure. Option A) increased intrathoracic pressure is incorrect because head and neck alignment does not directly impact intrathoracic pressure. Option B) increased venous outflow is incorrect as proper alignment actually helps in preventing venous compression, leading to improved venous return. Option D) increased intraabdominal pressure is incorrect as this is not directly related to head and neck alignment in this context. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the physiological implications of simple nursing interventions like maintaining proper head and neck alignment. It underscores the significance of preventing complications that can arise from compromised venous return, especially in patients at risk for intracranial issues. Pharmacology students and healthcare professionals need to grasp these fundamental principles to provide safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding IV fluid compatibility with blood products is crucial to prevent adverse reactions. The correct answer, "D) Plain LR," is the only option compatible with blood products due to its isotonic nature and lack of additives that could interact with blood components. Option A, D5LR, contains dextrose which may cause hemolysis when mixed with blood products. Option B, D5NSS, has a higher sodium content which can lead to clotting issues when combined with blood products. Option C, NSS, lacks the buffering capacity needed for blood product administration. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of knowing IV fluid compatibility to ensure patient safety during transfusions. Understanding the properties of different IV solutions and their interactions with blood products is essential for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions in clinical settings. Remembering these principles can prevent potentially harmful reactions and ensure effective patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the scenario of accidental injury to the parathyroid gland during a thyroidectomy, Leda might develop tetany postoperatively. This is because the parathyroid glands play a crucial role in maintaining calcium balance in the body, and any damage to these glands can lead to a decrease in parathyroid hormone levels, resulting in hypocalcemia. Tetany is a condition characterized by muscle cramps, spasms, and twitching due to low calcium levels, and it is a common complication following parathyroid gland injury. Option A, cardiac arrest, is incorrect as direct injury to the parathyroid gland would not directly lead to cardiac arrest. Option B, dyspnea, is also incorrect as it is more commonly associated with respiratory or lung-related issues rather than parathyroid gland injury. Option C, respiratory failure, is not directly linked to parathyroid gland injury and is not a typical consequence of this specific surgical complication. Understanding the relationship between the parathyroid gland and calcium regulation is crucial in pharmacology and surgical practices. Students need to grasp the effects of parathyroid dysfunction to provide optimal postoperative care and recognize potential complications. This question reinforces the importance of knowledge about the parathyroid gland in clinical practice and highlights the significance of prompt recognition and management of tetany following thyroid surgery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of burns, especially during the critical first 24 hours post-injury, fluid management is crucial to prevent hypovolemic shock and maintain tissue perfusion. Option A, "I and O hourly," refers to monitoring the patient's intake and output of fluids. This is essential in assessing fluid balance and guiding appropriate fluid replacement therapy, such as administering intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and maintain vital organ function. Option B, "Strict aseptic technique," while important in preventing infections, is not the priority during the initial phase of burn management. In the early stages, fluid resuscitation and stabilization take precedence over infection control. Option C, "Forced oral fluids," is not recommended in the acute phase of burns as the patient may have impaired swallowing reflexes due to airway edema or injury. Administering fluids orally could potentially lead to aspiration, worsening the patient's condition. Option D, "Isolate the patient," is not a priority in the immediate management of burns. While infection control is essential, isolating the patient may not be necessary unless there are specific infectious concerns that require isolation precautions. Educationally, understanding the priorities in burn management helps healthcare professionals provide effective care during the critical early stages of burn injuries. Monitoring fluid balance, ensuring adequate hydration, and preventing complications associated with burns are key aspects of nursing care in this context.