ATI RN
Neurological Review of Systems Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The ________ is to feeling fear as the ________ is to feeling pleasure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The amygdala is a brain structure responsible for processing fear and emotional responses, while the hypothalamus is involved in regulating pleasure and reward. The amygdala detects threats and triggers fear responses, such as the fight-or-flight reaction. In contrast, the hypothalamus plays a role in reward pathways and the release of dopamine, which is associated with feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. These structures illustrate the brain's specialization in processing different emotions.
Question 2 of 5
The production of incoherent, jumbled speech is known as
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fluent aphasia, also known as Wernicke's aphasia, is characterized by the production of speech that is grammatically correct but often nonsensical or incoherent. Individuals with this condition may speak in long, complex sentences that lack meaning or include made-up words. This occurs due to damage in Wernicke's area, a region in the brain responsible for language comprehension and the formation of meaningful speech.
Question 3 of 5
Sometimes the impairments caused by an infection are minor, but if the sufferer is hosting the virus over many years it may induce multiple symptoms of motor and cognitive dysfunction and create a syndrome of impairment that is known as:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HIV dementia, also known as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) or HIV-associated dementia (HAD), is a syndrome of cognitive and motor dysfunction caused by the long-term effects of HIV infection on the brain. Symptoms include memory loss, difficulty concentrating, slowed thinking, and motor impairments. This condition results from the direct impact of the virus on the central nervous system and the immune system's response to the infection.
Question 4 of 5
An axon conducts nerve impulses _________ the cell body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. When an action potential is generated in the cell body, it travels along the axon to the axon terminals, where neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. This unidirectional flow ensures that signals are transmitted efficiently and accurately to their intended targets.
Question 5 of 5
With an action potential, depolarization of the axomembrane is recorded as the gates open, allowing ________ to flow into the axon.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the depolarization phase of an action potential, voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the axon. This influx of positively charged ions causes the membrane potential to become more positive, leading to the rapid rise in voltage observed during an action potential. Sodium ion influx is essential for initiating and propagating nerve impulses.