ATI RN
Questions in Epidemiology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The Iowa Women’s Health Study, in which researchers enrolled 41,837 women in 1986 and collected exposure and lifestyle information to assess the relationship between these factors and subsequent occurrence of cancer, is an example of which type(s) of study? (Choose one wrong answer)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This is an observational cohort study (B, C), not case-control (D).
Question 2 of 5
Initiating surveillance for a public health problem or adding a disease to the notifiable disease list is justified for which of the following reasons? (Choose one wrong answer)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fatality (A), novelty (B), and program needs (D) justify surveillance. CDC trends (C) are secondary.
Question 3 of 5
A female client develops a fungal vaginal infection after being treated with antibiotics for strep throat. Which component of the epidemiological triangle is primarily responsible?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infectious diseases are the result of interaction among the human host, an infectious agent, and the environment, which surrounds the human host and where transmission is occurring. This interaction is pictured in the epidemiological triad of agent, host, and environment also discussed in Chapter 5. The antibiotic therapy eliminated a specific pathological agent, but it also may alter the balance of normally occurring organisms in the woman's body, which caused a change in the vaginal environment, allowing normally present fungi to proliferate, resulting in a yeast infection.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement best explains how infectious diseases are different from any other health problem?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because of their potential to spread and cause communitywide or worldwide emergencies, infectious diseases require organized, public efforts for their prevention and control. Most human diseases (e.g., cancer or diabetes) can be classified as personal health problems. Individuals with a personal health problem can be treated by the health care system one person at a time. By contrast, infectious diseases are categorized as public or community health problems.
Question 5 of 5
People were very concerned about another outbreak of swine flu. All care providers were asked to report, without individual names, any new cases to the public health department for tracking. Which would be most helpful for the local media to report to keep citizens informed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: As only new cases were being reported to the health department, the media could only report the ongoing incidence rate, that is, the number of new cases reported each day. The prevalence rate is the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given point in time which would not assist in knowing the number of new cases. Those infected with the flu may or may not be hospitalized or have died from the flu.