The introduction of which global health initiative in the mid-20th century helped drastically reduce the prevalence of polio worldwide?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The Polio Eradication Initiative. This initiative, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the mid-20th century, specifically targeted the eradication of polio through vaccination campaigns. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The WHO Global Health Initiative is too broad and does not specifically address polio eradication. C: The Smallpox Eradication Program, while successful in eradicating smallpox, is not directly related to the reduction of polio prevalence. D: The Global Vaccination Program is too generic and does not specify the focused effort needed to combat polio.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The World Health Organization (WHO). WHO was established to coordinate global health efforts, respond to health emergencies, and enhance healthcare access worldwide. It works closely with countries to support healthcare systems and improve health outcomes. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focuses on disease prevention and control within the United States. B: The United Nations Health Program does not exist; the correct entity is the World Health Organization. D: The World Bank Health Initiative primarily focuses on providing financial assistance for health-related projects, not coordinating global health responses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The investigation of a cholera outbreak by John Snow. John Snow's investigation in the 1850s linked a cholera outbreak to contaminated water, leading to the improvement of public sanitation systems. This event highlighted the importance of clean water sources and proper waste disposal. The other choices are incorrect because: A - The CDC was established in the 20th century and focuses on disease control and prevention but not specifically sanitation; C - The smallpox vaccine was developed much earlier and is unrelated to public sanitation systems; D - The Affordable Care Act, passed in 2010, primarily addresses healthcare accessibility and affordability, not sanitation improvements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative. This initiative was specifically designed to eradicate polio worldwide. It was launched in the mid-20th century and has made significant progress in reducing polio cases globally. The other choices are incorrect because: B: The Global Health Security Agenda focuses on preventing, detecting, and responding to infectious disease threats but not specifically aimed at polio eradication. C: The Smallpox Eradication Campaign targeted smallpox, not polio. D: The Global Immunization Program aims to increase immunization coverage but does not solely focus on polio eradication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. This report, released in 1964, was a landmark event that highlighted the dangers of smoking, leading to increased awareness and policy changes. The report provided scientific evidence linking smoking to various health issues, leading to public health campaigns and legislative actions to reduce smoking rates. The other choices, B: The Affordable Care Act, C: The National Cancer Act, and D: The Tobacco Control Act, do not specifically focus on reducing smoking-related illnesses like the Surgeon General's report did.