The Institute of Medicine (IOM), now known as the Health and of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, stated in their report, The Future of the Public's Health, that there are three core functions that society carries out to collectively supportthe optimum conditions for public health. Which one of the following is notone of these functions?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Implementation. The three core functions identified by the IOM are Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance. 1. Assessment involves systematically collecting, analyzing, and making available information on the health of a community. 2. Policy Development refers to developing comprehensive public health policies and plans to address health issues. 3. Assurance involves ensuring that necessary services are provided to achieve agreed-upon goals. Implementation, while important, is not explicitly mentioned as one of the core functions in the IOM report. It is a critical step in carrying out public health initiatives but falls under the broader umbrella of assurance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: The correct answer is A because it accurately describes the formal organization of public health services. The Constitution delegates public health responsibilities to the states, not the federal government. Step 2: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducts research, sets guidelines, and provides support, but quarantines are typically managed by local health departments. Step 3: This demonstrates a hierarchical system where the federal level (CDC) supports and guides the state and local levels in public health efforts. Step 4: Choice B is incorrect because it mentions state boards of health but does not emphasize the role of the CDC or the division of responsibilities between federal and state levels. Step 5: Choice C is incorrect because it oversimplifies the role of local health departments in managing quarantines without acknowledging the broader structure of public health services. Step 6: Choice D is incorrect because it suggests that all levels of government are not capable of handling local health crises, which is not accurate as

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because providing nicotine gum directly addresses the individual's addiction to nicotine, which is a key factor in smoking cessation at the individual level. This method helps the individual manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms. A: Forming a support group is more of a community-level approach rather than individual-level. B: Increasing taxes is a population-level strategy to reduce tobacco use, not an individual-level intervention. D: Researching initiation reasons is valuable for prevention efforts but does not directly address cessation at the individual level.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, conducting health education workshops. This action promotes population health by educating and empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their health, leading to prevention of diseases and promotion of overall well-being. Health education workshops have a broader reach compared to individual consultations and focus on prevention rather than treatment like options A and D. Providing treatment for chronic diseases (A) and administering medication for acute illnesses (D) are reactive approaches that do not address the root causes or prevent future health issues at a population level.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because population-based nursing practice focuses on promoting wellness and preventing disease through proactive approaches. This involves addressing the health needs of entire populations rather than individuals. Emphasizing curative care (B) is not a characteristic of population-based nursing. Focusing on reactive approaches (C) and providing care only outside hospital settings (D) are also not in line with the preventative and wellness-promoting nature of population-based nursing practice.