ATI RN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The innermost layer of an artery is composed of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The innermost layer of arteries (tunica intima) is lined with endothelium, a simple squamous epithelium specialized for smooth blood flow and exchange.
Question 2 of 5
A cardiovascular assessment on a client's chart notes 'S₁/S₂ audible.' The nurse knows that S₁ is produced by which valves?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: S₁ ('lub') is produced by the closure of the atrioventricular valves—tricuspid and mitral—at the start of ventricular systole. S₂ ('dub') is from the aortic and pulmonic valves. (Source: Document, p. 62, Valve sounds)
Question 3 of 5
For blood clotting to occur normally:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the liver to synthesize clotting factors (e.g., II, VII, IX, X). Heparin inactivation aids but isn’t required, vitamin C is unrelated, and tissue damage triggers extrinsic clotting but isn’t always necessary.
Question 4 of 5
The blanket term for reactions that prevent or minimize loss of blood from the vessels if they are injured or ruptured is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hemostasis is the process of stopping blood loss via vasoconstriction, platelet plugs, and clotting. Homeostasis is broader (body equilibrium), and syneresis is clot shrinkage, not the full process.
Question 5 of 5
The ventricular muscles accept impulses directly from
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Purkinje fibers deliver impulses directly to ventricular myocardium, causing rapid, coordinated contraction. The AV node delays the signal, the Bundle of His splits it, and bundle branches distribute it, but Purkinje fibers are the final step to the muscle.