The initial drug used to control acute neonatal seizuris usually

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phenobarbital is the first-line drug for neonatal seizures, per AAP, due to its efficacy, safety, and long half-life stabilizing GABA receptors. Diazepam , midazolam , and lorazepam risk respiratory depression; phenytoin is second-line. Phenobarbitals evidence base makes C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: NF-2s hallmark is bilateral vestibular schwannomas , per NIH criteria, affecting ~90% of patients due to NF2 gene mutations. Intracranial lesions , cataracts , retinal hamartomas , and skin plaquare less frequent. Schwannomas prevalence makes A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spastic quadriplegia is the most severe CP, affecting all limbs, trunk, and often cognition, from extensive brain damage (e.g., HIE). Diplegia spararms; hemiplegia one side; athetoid and dyskinetic focus on movement. Quadriplegias scope make B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the leading cause of childhood hemorrhagic stroke, per AHA data, due to fragile vessel rupture. Moyamoya , thrombosis , HUS , and ITP are less common. AVM prevalence make B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tuberculous meningitis rarely shows organisms on CSF smear (acid-fast bacilli) due to low bacterial load, needing culture/PCR. Bacterial (B-C), fungal , and amebic meningitis often reveal organisms. TBs diagnostic challenge makes A the correct answer.