The Industrial Revolution caused earlier caregiving approaches—where care was provided by families, friends, and neighbours—to become inadequate because of constantly increasing demand. Which situation also contributed to the inadequacy of caregiving approaches at this time?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Migration and urbanization. Rationale: 1. Migration and urbanization led to overcrowded cities, resulting in a larger population needing care. 2. Urban areas lacked the close-knit community support found in rural settings, making it harder for families, friends, and neighbors to provide adequate care. 3. Increased mobility due to migration made it challenging for caregivers to stay connected with those in need of care, further straining caregiving approaches. Summary of other choices: A: Ongoing wars may have increased the need for caregiving but did not directly contribute to the inadequacy of caregiving approaches. B: Horrific plagues could have overwhelmed healthcare systems but did not address the changing dynamics of caregiving approaches. D: The need to pay caregivers is a different aspect of caregiving but did not directly contribute to the inadequacy of caregiving approaches during the Industrial Revolution.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Family dynamics. This category focuses on relationships and interactions within the family. In this scenario, the revelation that the husband is a stepfather to the eldest child directly impacts family dynamics as it involves the roles, relationships, and potential adjustments within the family unit. Family demography (A) refers to the basic information about the family structure. Family function (C) pertains to how the family fulfills its roles and responsibilities. Family system (D) looks at the entire family unit as a whole rather than specific relationships or interactions. In this case, the stepfather dynamic specifically falls under family dynamics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because tertiary prevention involves managing and treating existing conditions to prevent further complications. In the case of women with diabetes, monitoring blood glucose levels and recommending necessary diet modifications are crucial in preventing complications such as diabetic neuropathy or retinopathy. Choices A and B are related to primary prevention, focusing on preventing the onset of diabetes. Choice D is related to secondary prevention, screening for early detection. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing the condition to prevent further deterioration, making choice C the most appropriate in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because developing a wellness program falls under the second phase of the community health nursing process, which is planning. In this phase, the nurse uses the assessment data to identify the needs of the community and plans interventions to address those needs. Assessing cultural norms (A) is part of the assessment phase, determining needs (B) is part of the planning phase, and supervising a fitness class (D) is part of the implementation phase. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it aligns with the planning phase of the community health nursing process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Positive predictive value (PPV) is the proportion of individuals with a positive test result who actually have the disease. This is crucial in determining the likelihood that a positive test accurately identifies a true positive case. By calculating PPV, we can assess the test's ability to predict the presence of the disease. In this context, the CHN (clinical history and physical examination) can help improve the accuracy of test results by enhancing the predictive value. Choice A is incorrect because it describes the negative predictive value, which is the proportion of individuals with a negative test result who are actually disease-free. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to the variability of the trait being measured, not predictive value. Choice C is incorrect as it discusses inconsistencies in the testing instrument, which are unrelated to predictive value.