The incorrect statement regarding corticosteroids in allergy is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the incorrect statement regarding corticosteroids in allergy is option A: "The mechanism of action is not known." The correct answer is that the mechanism of action of corticosteroids is indeed known. Corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune response. They do this by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, as well as by suppressing the activity of immune cells involved in allergic reactions. Option B states that corticosteroids are lymphopenic, which is correct. Corticosteroids can cause a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, which can impact the immune response. Option C is also incorrect. Corticosteroids do decrease the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are inflammatory mediators involved in the allergic response. Option D is the incorrect statement about corticosteroids in allergy. Long-term usage of corticosteroids can indeed suppress linear growth in children, making this statement accurate. In an educational context, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to have a comprehensive understanding of the effects and mechanisms of action of medications commonly used in pediatric allergy management. Understanding the correct and incorrect statements about corticosteroids in allergies can help nurses make informed decisions when caring for pediatric patients with allergic conditions. It also highlights the importance of monitoring children on long-term corticosteroid therapy for potential growth issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric basic life support, the correct answer is D) The encircling technique is used to perform chest compression. This technique is important because it ensures effective chest compressions in children by using both hands to encircle the child's chest and apply pressure. Option A is incorrect because intubation is not the priority during basic life support; maintaining circulation through chest compressions takes precedence. Option B is incorrect as chest compressions are indicated in all cases of cardiac arrest in children, regardless of heart sounds. Option C is incorrect as the recommended ratio of chest compressions to ventilation in pediatric BLS is 30:2, not 15:2. Educationally, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in pediatric basic life support techniques to effectively respond to emergencies involving children. Understanding the correct techniques, like the encircling method, can make a significant difference in the outcomes of pediatric cardiac arrest situations. Proper training and practice are essential to ensure pediatric nurses can confidently and competently perform life-saving interventions when caring for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Renal tubular acidosis. Metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap occurs when there is an excess of acid in the body fluids. In the context of the options provided, diabetic ketoacidosis (A), salicylate poisoning (B), and renal failure (D) are all known causes of metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a complication of diabetes where the body produces excess ketones, leading to acidosis. Salicylate poisoning can cause metabolic acidosis due to the toxic effects of salicylates on the body's metabolic processes. Renal failure can also result in metabolic acidosis due to the kidneys' inability to maintain proper acid-base balance. Renal tubular acidosis, on the other hand, is a condition where the kidneys are unable to effectively acidify the urine, leading to a non-anion gap metabolic acidosis. This condition does not typically present with a high anion gap, making it the exception among the options provided. From an educational perspective, understanding the various causes of metabolic acidosis is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for children with complex medical conditions. Recognizing the differences between conditions that can lead to acid-base imbalances allows nurses to provide appropriate interventions and monitor patients effectively to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric basic life support, the correct statement that "Ambu bag can be used with or without oxygen" is crucial for effective resuscitation. Using an Ambu bag allows for the delivery of consistent and adequate ventilation to the child, whether oxygen is available or not. This is essential in maintaining oxygenation and circulation during cardiac arrest. Option A is incorrect because intubation is not the initial priority during basic life support in a child. Chest compressions to maintain circulation are paramount, followed by ventilation. Option B is incorrect as chest compressions are indicated in all cases of cardiac arrest in children, regardless of the quality of heart sounds. It is essential to provide immediate chest compressions to maintain blood flow to vital organs. Option D is incorrect because the encircling technique is not recommended for chest compressions in pediatric basic life support. The two-thumb or two-finger technique is preferred to ensure adequate compression depth and rate based on the child's size and needs. Educationally, understanding the correct use of an Ambu bag in pediatric basic life support is vital for healthcare professionals working with children. It ensures they can provide appropriate and timely interventions during emergencies, optimizing the child's chances of survival and recovery. Training on these techniques and priorities is crucial for healthcare providers to deliver high-quality care in pediatric resuscitation scenarios.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the Look-Listen-Feel procedure is utilized to assess for breathing in a child. This sequence involves looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for airflow. The correct answer is C) To assess for breathing because this technique allows the nurse to comprehensively evaluate the child's respiratory status, which is crucial in pediatric assessments due to the higher vulnerability of children to respiratory issues. Option A) To assess for responsiveness is incorrect because Look-Listen-Feel is specific to assessing breathing, not responsiveness. Option B) To assess for airway patency is incorrect as this step involves different techniques such as checking for obstructions, not the specific process of Look-Listen-Feel. Option D) To assess for circulation is incorrect because circulation assessment involves other methods like checking for pulses and skin color, not part of the Look-Listen-Feel sequence. Educationally, understanding the correct use of the Look-Listen-Feel procedure is vital for pediatric nurses as it helps them accurately and swiftly assess a child's breathing status, enabling prompt interventions if any issues are identified, thereby potentially preventing respiratory complications in pediatric patients.