The incorrect statement regarding corticosteroids in allergy is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) The mechanism of action is not known. Corticosteroids are commonly used in the treatment of allergies, asthma, and various inflammatory conditions. The mechanism of action of corticosteroids is well understood - they work by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators by suppressing the immune response. Option B) Corticosteroids are lymphopenic is incorrect because corticosteroids actually cause lymphocytosis, an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood. Option C) Corticosteroids decrease synthesis of prostaglandins is incorrect because corticosteroids mainly inhibit the synthesis of leukotrienes, not prostaglandins. Option D) Long-term usage suppresses linear growth in children is incorrect because while long-term corticosteroid use in children can lead to various side effects, such as adrenal suppression or decreased bone density, it does not directly suppress linear growth. Educationally, understanding the mechanism of action and common side effects of corticosteroids is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, who may be administering these medications to children. It is important to be aware of the potential effects of corticosteroids on growth and development in children to provide safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric basic life support (BLS), it is crucial to follow guidelines tailored to children to ensure the best possible outcomes in an emergency situation. The correct answer, option D, states that the encircling technique is used to perform chest compressions on a child during BLS. This technique involves encircling the child's chest with both hands to provide effective and appropriate compressions to the sternum, reflecting the importance of proper hand placement and technique in pediatric BLS. Option A, stating that the priority is to intubate the child, is incorrect. In pediatric BLS, the immediate focus should be on providing high-quality chest compressions to maintain circulation before considering advanced airway interventions like intubation. Option B, mentioning that chest compressions are indicated if heart sounds are weak, is also incorrect. In pediatric BLS, chest compressions are initiated based on the absence of a pulse or effective circulation, not solely on the strength of heart sounds. Option C, suggesting a compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2, is outdated. Current guidelines recommend a compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 for single rescuer CPR in children, emphasizing the importance of providing adequate chest compressions to maintain perfusion. Educationally, understanding the specific techniques and guidelines for pediatric BLS is essential for healthcare providers working with children. Proper training and adherence to current protocols can significantly impact the outcomes of pediatric cardiac arrest situations, making this knowledge critical for pediatric nurses and other healthcare professionals caring for children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Understanding the concept of metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps in identifying and managing various pediatric conditions effectively. In this scenario, the correct answer is option C) Renal tubular acidosis. Renal tubular acidosis is a condition where the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete acids into the urine, leading to metabolic acidosis. This results in an elevated anion gap due to the accumulation of unmeasured anions. Therefore, it is the only option in the list that directly causes metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap. The other options, A) Diabetic ketoacidosis, B) Salicylate poisoning, and D) Renal failure, can all lead to metabolic acidosis, but they typically present with a normal anion gap. Diabetic ketoacidosis and salicylate poisoning lead to an increased anion gap due to the presence of ketones and salicylate metabolites, respectively. Renal failure can cause metabolic acidosis, but it is characterized by a normal anion gap as the kidneys are unable to excrete normal amounts of acid. Educationally, this question serves to reinforce the understanding of metabolic acidosis, anion gap, and various causes of acid-base disturbances in pediatric patients. Pediatric nurses need to be able to differentiate between different etiologies of acidosis to provide appropriate and timely interventions for their patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Ambu bag can be used with or without oxygen. In pediatric basic life support, providing effective ventilation is crucial. Using an Ambu bag allows the healthcare provider to deliver breaths to the child's lungs, either with room air or oxygen. This is essential in maintaining oxygenation and ventilation during resuscitation efforts. Option A is incorrect because the priority during basic life support is to ensure adequate oxygenation and circulation before considering advanced airway interventions like intubation, which may delay critical interventions. Option B is incorrect as chest compressions are indicated in pediatric resuscitation if the child is unresponsive and not breathing normally, regardless of heart sounds. Option D is incorrect as the encircling technique is typically used in adult CPR, while in pediatric CPR, two-finger compressions or heel of one hand technique is recommended due to the child's smaller chest size. In an educational context, understanding the nuances of pediatric basic life support is vital for healthcare providers working with children. It is crucial to prioritize interventions based on the specific needs of pediatric patients to ensure the best possible outcomes during resuscitation efforts. Practicing scenarios and staying updated on pediatric resuscitation guidelines are essential for healthcare professionals working in pediatric settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the procedure Look-Listen-Feel is used to assess for breathing. This technique involves first looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for airflow. A) Assessing for responsiveness is important but is not the purpose of Look-Listen-Feel. This is usually done by tapping the child and calling their name. B) Assessing for airway patency involves checking if the airway is clear and open, which is generally done by opening the child's mouth and looking for obstructions. D) Assessing for circulation usually involves checking for a pulse and signs of circulation in the extremities. Understanding the correct use of Look-Listen-Feel is crucial for pediatric nurses as it is a foundational skill in assessing a child's respiratory status. By mastering this technique, nurses can quickly and effectively evaluate a child's breathing, which is vital in pediatric emergencies. It helps in early detection of respiratory distress or failure, allowing for prompt intervention and potentially saving a child's life.