ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Question Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
The incidence of childhood epilepsy is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Childhood epilepsy incidence is 1-2% , per ILAE, with ~50-100 casper 100,000 annually. Higher rat(B-E, 3-10%) overestimate; prevalence may reach 5%, but incidence is lower. Epidemiologic data, reflecting new diagnoses, make A the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
A 6-month-old infant presents with severe hypotonia and generalized weakness, his creatine phosphokinase (CK) is mildly elevated, the electromyelogram (EMG) shows fasciculations and fibrillations, muscle biopsy specimens show grouped atrophy. Of the following, the MOST likely finding in this infant is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absent deep tendon reflexfit spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), per pediatric neurology, with hypotonia, weakness, mild CK elevation, and EMG/biopsy showing denervation (fasciculations, grouped atrophy). Sensation is spared; ptosis myasthenic; cognition normal; Moro irrelevant. Reflex loss from anterior horn cell loss makes A the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
An adolescent patient develops both proximal and distal weakness of the extremitiin an episodic, relapsing-remitting pattern; he also experiencnumbness and tingling. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CIDP fits relapsing-remitting proximal/distal weakness with numbness, per neurology, from immune-mediated demyelination. CMT is progressive; myasthenia fatigable; hypothyroidism systemic; Guillain-Barré acute. CIDPs pattern makes D the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
The triad of complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlarged posterior fossa is seen in
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dandy-Walker malformation featurvermis agenesis, fourth ventricle cyst, and enlarged posterior fossa, per radiology texts. Corpus callosum agenesis affects midline; holoprosencephaly forebrain; hydranencephaly cortex loss. Triad specificity make B the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Ataxia is the inability to make accurate, smooth and coordinated movements, usually due to a dysfunction of the cerebellar pathways. Of the following, the MOST common cause of acute ataxia in childhood is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Postinfectious acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute childhood ataxia, per pediatrics, often post-viral (e.g., varicella). Strokand MS are rare; postictal transient; tumors chronic. Postinfectious frequency makes D the correct answer.