The imaging studiare usually normal in the following stroke-like disorders of children

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Alternating hemiplegia mimics stroke but shows normal imaging, per diagnostic criteria, as its channelopathy-based. Metabolic errors , hypertensive , hypoglycemia , and HIE often reveal abnormaliti(e.g., edema). Normalcy in A makes itthe correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hearing loss is the most common sequela of bacterial meningitis (~10-30%), per CDC, from cochlear damage (e.g., pneumococcus). Seizur, language delay , cognition , and vision are less frequent. Hearings vulnerability makes C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Antibiotics alone treat small abscess(<2 cm, A), short duration , no ICP signs , and intact neurology , per guidelines. Posterior fossa location risks herniation, requiring surgery. This anatomic risk makes C the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Transverse myelitis (TM) most commonly affects the thoracic region , accounting for approximately 50-60% of cases, according to data from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society and clinical studies. This predominance is due to the thoracic spinal cords greater length and vulnerability to inflammatory or demyelinating processes, such as those seen in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or idiopathic TM. The cervical region is involved in about 20-30% of cases, often with more severe motor deficits, but it is less frequent. The lumbar and lumbosacral regions are even rarer, typically linked to specific etiologilike viral infections or trauma, and represent a minority of cases. The thoracic regions anatomical exposure to ascending or descending inflammatory insults, combined with its extensive vascular supply, makes itthe most susceptible segment. Clinical presentations often include bilateral sensory loss, weakness, and bladder dysfunction, which align with thoracic involvement. Thus, B is the correct answer, reflecting the epidemiological and pathophysiological patterns of TM.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Elevated maternal serum α-fetoprotein (MSAFP) strongly indicatspina bifida , an open NTD where AFP leaks into amniotic fluid and maternal blood, per screening protocols (e.g., ACOG). Levels rise significantly by 16-18 weeks. Hydrocephalus alone donot typically elevate MSAFP unless paired with an open defect, which is rare. Both A and B overgeneralizes, as hydrocephaluss link is indirect. Neither dismissspina bifidas established marker. Spina bifidas direct AFP correlation, rooted in its pathophysiology, make B the correct answer, distinguishing it from hydrocephaluss imaging-based diagnosis.