The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the production and secretion of hormones from the:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: anterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel to the anterior pituitary gland through the hypophyseal portal system, where they regulate the production and secretion of various hormones. This control mechanism ensures proper hormonal balance in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the adrenal cortex, posterior pituitary gland, and thyroid gland are not directly regulated by the hypothalamus through releasing and inhibiting hormones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: aldosterone. Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, responsible for regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure. It acts on the kidneys to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. Cortisol (A) is a glucocorticoid, not a mineralocorticoid. Glucagon (B) is a hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels. Epinephrine (C) is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla involved in the fight-or-flight response, not a mineralocorticoid. Therefore, the correct answer is aldosterone (D) due to its specific role in mineral balance regulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because estrogen is indeed necessary for the maturation of the ovum. Estrogen promotes the development and release of the egg from the ovary during the menstrual cycle. This hormone is crucial for the growth of the follicles in the ovary and prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. Rationale: A: Progesterone is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy, not for female secondary sex characteristics. C: Estrogen plays a significant role in breast development, so this statement is incorrect. D: Progesterone helps to prepare the uterus for pregnancy by promoting the growth of the uterine lining, not the uterus itself.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B (FSH) Rationale: 1. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus. 2. PRH (Prolactin Releasing Hormone), CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone), and TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone) are all hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, involved in regulating pituitary hormone release. 3. Therefore, FSH is the correct answer as it is not directly secreted by the hypothalamus. Summary: - FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus. - PRH, CRH, and TRH are hormones secreted by the hypothalamus. - Understanding the origin of each hormone helps in determining the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hormones alter the activity of target tissues to regulate various physiological processes in the body. Hormones act on specific receptors in target tissues to initiate a response. Option A is incorrect because hormone levels fluctuate to maintain homeostasis. Option B is incorrect because hormones are typically synthesized by endocrine glands, not plasma proteins. Option C is incorrect because hormones are produced throughout life, not just after puberty.