The hypoglycaemic action of sulfonylureas is likely to be reduced by the concurrent use of:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Propranolol. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia, making it difficult to recognize and treat low blood sugar levels. This can lead to severe hypoglycemia if not properly managed. Hydrochlorothiazide (A) is a diuretic, Theophylline (C) is a bronchodilator, and Aspirin (D) is a pain reliever, none of which directly affect the hypoglycemic action of sulfonylureas.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Adrenaline. Glucagon release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels, which triggers the release of adrenaline. Adrenaline signals the liver to release stored glucose, raising blood sugar levels. High blood glucose levels (choice A) would not stimulate glucagon release. Insulin (choice B) decreases blood glucose levels and inhibits glucagon release. Somatostatin (choice C) also inhibits glucagon release.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Hydrocortisone induces the synthesis of a protein called Lipocortin. 2. Lipocortin inhibits the enzyme phospholipase A2 (Choice A), reducing inflammation. 3. Heat shock protein-90 (Choice B) is not directly related to hydrocortisone's mechanism of action. 4. Inhibin (Choice C) is a hormone that inhibits the secretion of FSH, unrelated to hydrocortisone. 5. Transcortin (Choice D) is a binding protein for cortisol, not involved in hydrocortisone's protein synthesis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fludrocortisone. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. Fludrocortisone is a synthetic steroid that mimics aldosterone, helping to maintain electrolyte balance. It is preferred over aldosterone itself due to better pharmacokinetics and longer duration of action. Hydrocortisone (C) is used to replace cortisol. Betamethasone (D) is a potent glucocorticoid with no mineralocorticoid activity. Aldosterone (A) is not the preferred corticosteroid for replacement therapy in Addison's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated in posterior uveitis due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce inflammation in the eye. For exfoliative dermatitis, topical corticosteroids are more commonly used. Acute rheumatic fever is treated with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications. Hodgkin's disease requires chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Therefore, the correct answer is B as systemic corticosteroids are specifically beneficial in managing inflammation in posterior uveitis.