The hormone that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency is secreted by which of the following glands?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adrenaline, from the adrenal medulla, prepares the body for emergencies by accelerating heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing glucose 'fight or flight.' Pineal (melatonin) aids sleep, pituitary (GH, ACTH) regulates long-term, pancreas (insulin) manages sugar not rapid action. Adrenal's acute stress response distinguishes it, vital for survival, contrasting with metabolic or sleep hormones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) binds most circulating T4 (~70%), stabilizing it in plasma for transport high affinity defines it. Prealbumin (transthyretin) binds less (~15-20%). 'Tramothynetim' is a typo, likely irrelevant. A2 globulin isn't a thyroid binder albumin binds some (~10%). TBG's dominance distinguishes it, critical for T4's bioavailability, unlike minor or erroneous binders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ANP inhibits ADH secretion, promoting diuresis to lower volume/BP, countering ADH's water retention. It reduces BP, not increases, via vasodilation/natriuresis. Dopamine responsiveness isn't ANP-mediated ANP acts via cGMP. ANPR-A (active) has higher affinity than ANPR-C (clearance). ADH inhibition distinguishes ANP's role, key to fluid regulation, unlike BP, dopamine, or receptor claims.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bacterial toxins (e.g., LPS) act on the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT), releasing pyrogens (IL-1) to raise hypothalamic setpoint, causing fever immune-thermoregulation link. Sweat vaporization is ~20-30% heat loss (radiation dominates). TSH rises in chronic cold, not acutely significant. Anterior hypothalamus cools posterior triggers shivering. OVLT mediation distinguishes fever, key to infection response, unlike sweat, thyroid, or regional errors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypothalamus regulates renal function via ADH (water balance) and RAAS (blood pressure) essential for kidney homeostasis. Movement (basal ganglia/cerebellum) and visual acuity (occipital cortex/optic nerve) aren't hypothalamic renal control is. Its endocrine-renal link distinguishes it, critical for fluid/pressure regulation, unlike motor or sensory roles.