The hormone that is released from the placenta is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This hormone is released from the placenta during pregnancy and is essential for maintaining the corpus luteum, which in turn produces progesterone to support the pregnancy. hCG is also the hormone detected in pregnancy tests. Choice A (Follicle stimulating hormone) and B (Luteinizing hormone) are involved in the menstrual cycle, not specifically released from the placenta. Choice C (Estrogen) is produced by the ovaries and not directly released from the placenta.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Abdominal cavity. During embryonic development, the male gonads (testes) initially form in the abdominal cavity near the kidneys. They then descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum. The pelvic cavity (choice A) is below the abdominal cavity, the peritoneal cavity (choice B) is a part of the abdominal cavity, and the cul-de-sac (choice D) is a pouch in the pelvic cavity. The key point is understanding the anatomical path of descent of the male gonads from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Torticollis. Spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck causes the head to tilt to one side and the chin to rotate to the opposite side, leading to a condition known as torticollis. Talipes equinovarus (A) is a foot deformity, cleft lip (C) is a congenital facial anomaly, and kyphosis (D) is an abnormal curvature of the spine. These conditions are not directly related to the spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tibia. The shin bone is commonly referred to as the tibia. This bone is located on the inner side of the leg and is the larger of the two lower leg bones. The femur (A) is the thigh bone, the fibula (C) is the smaller of the two lower leg bones, and the patella (D) is the kneecap. Therefore, the tibia is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the shin bone.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Spondylitis refers to inflammation of the vertebrae, making it the correct choice. 2. Spondylolisthesis is the anterior displacement of a vertebra, not inflammation. 3. Spondylosis is degenerative changes in the spine, not inflammation. 4. Spondylopathy is a general term for any spinal disease, not specific to inflammation.