The home health nurse is teaching a patient and family about hand hygiene in the home. Which situation will cause the nurse to emphasize washing hands before and after?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, performing treatments. This is because performing treatments involves direct contact with the patient's body or medical equipment, increasing the risk of spreading infection. Washing hands before and after ensures proper hygiene to prevent the transmission of pathogens. Shaking hands (A) is important for social etiquette but does not pose the same risk of infection transmission. Opening the refrigerator (C) and working on a computer (D) are not direct sources of contamination, so hand hygiene before and after these activities is not as critical in preventing infection transmission in the home setting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is not necessary to wash your hands after removing gloves because your hands are not protected by the gloves. Gloves can become contaminated during use, and removing them without washing hands can transfer any pathogens or contaminants from the gloves to the hands. Therefore, it is important to wash hands thoroughly after removing gloves to maintain proper hygiene and prevent the spread of germs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'All of the above.' To transmit an infection, all three elements mentioned are needed. The infectious agent refers to the pathogen or microorganism that causes the infection, such as bacteria or viruses. The reservoir is the source or habitat where the infectious agent lives and multiplies, such as humans, animals, or the environment. Lastly, the means of transmission refers to the way the infectious agent is transferred from the reservoir to a susceptible host, which can include direct contact, airborne droplets, contaminated objects, or vectors like mosquitoes. Therefore, all three elements are necessary for the transmission of an infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Not using a condom increases the risk of sexually transmitted infections, indicating a need for further education.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In healthcare, reservoirs include any surfaces or items where microorganisms can survive, such as equipment, clothing, and soiled materials.