ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The home care nurse is caring for a patient newly prescribed a nonselective beta-blocking agent. What would the nurse include in the teaching plan related to this drug? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients should be taught to change position slowly, avoid driving or operating hazardous machinery, and to pace activities as a result of potential dizziness from orthostatic hypotension in order to avoid injury. Patients should take medicine with meals when possible. Drug is more likely to decrease libido than increase it. Activity levels should be paced and care should be taken not to overdo. The nurse should provide comprehensive patient education to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.
Question 2 of 5
Peripheral adverse effects of levodopa, including nausea, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias, can be diminished by including which of the following drugs in the therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levodopa's peripheral conversion to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase causes nausea (via chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation), hypotension, and arrhythmias. Carbidopa, a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, prevents this conversion outside the CNS, reducing these side effects while increasing levodopa's brain availability. Amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, boosts dopamine release but doesn't address peripheral metabolism. Ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, bypasses levodopa but doesn't mitigate its effects. Tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor, prolongs levodopa's action but can increase peripheral dopamine if used alone, worsening side effects. Carbidopa's specific blockade of peripheral decarboxylation directly counters these adverse effects, making it the essential adjunct in levodopa therapy.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is described as the route of drug administration where the drug is placed directly into the GIT from where absorption occurs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enteral drug administration is the route where the drug is placed directly into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), such as through the mouth (oral administration) or through a feeding tube. Once administered, the drug is absorbed through the walls of the GI tract into the bloodstream for systemic distribution. This is in contrast to parenteral routes where drugs are administered by methods other than through the digestive system, such as injections, inhalation, or topical application. Intravenous (IV) administration, specifically mentioned in the question, is a type of parenteral route where drugs are injected directly into a vein for rapid and complete systemic distribution.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement about ARBs does the nurse identify as being true?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are less likely to cause cough compared to ACE inhibitors. However, one of the notable adverse effects associated with ARBs is hyperkalemia. ARBs can lead to an increase in potassium levels in the blood more so than ACE inhibitors. Therefore, the nurse should recognize that hyperkalemia is more likely to occur with ARBs than when using ACE inhibitors.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving IV vancomycin (Vancocin). Which infusion-related reaction should the nurse monitor for?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vancomycin, used for resistant infections, can cause red man syndrome 'flushing, rash, and pruritus on the upper body'due to histamine release from rapid IV infusion. Monitoring for this allows slowing the rate (e.g., over 1-2 hours), preventing discomfort or anaphylactoid reactions. Hypotension may occur secondary to this but isn't primary. Fever and nausea are less specific to infusion speed. Red man syndrome's distinct presentation ties directly to vancomycin's administration, a well-known risk mitigated by nursing vigilance. This focus ensures safe delivery, distinguishing it from systemic effects, making A the key reaction to watch during infusion.