ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the digestive organs to the
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hepatic portal system routes nutrient-rich blood from the gut to the liver (A) for processing.
Question 2 of 5
The pulmonary trunk and aorta are derived from which primitive heart structure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The truncus arteriosus (D) divides into the pulmonary trunk and aorta during development.
Question 3 of 5
A client with congestive heart disease returns to the clinic with muscle aching. The physician orders a potassium level, which shows hypokalemia. The drug regimen includes furosemide (Lasix) 80 mg b.i.d. In addition to treatment with a potassium supplement, the nurse administers which of the following prescribed drugs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spironolactone (C), a potassium-sparing diuretic, counters furosemide’s potassium loss. Bumetanide (A) and torsemide (B) are loop diuretics, clonidine (D) is an antihypertensive.
Question 4 of 5
The atrioventricular valves close preventing backflow of blood into:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The atrioventricular (AV) valves (mitral and tricuspid) close during ventricular systole to prevent backflow into the atria as the ventricles contract and empty. They open during diastole to allow atrial filling into the ventricles, making B correct.
Question 5 of 5
What is the formula for ventricular diastole duration (t_vd) in the cardiac cycle, given t_total = t_as + t_ad + t_vs + t_vd, where t_total is the total cycle time, t_as is atrial systole, t_ad is atrial diastole, and t_vs is ventricular systole?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Given t_total = t_as + t_ad + t_vs + t_vd, solving for t_vd: subtract all other phases from t_total. t_vd = t_total - (t_as + t_ad + t_vs). Option C, t_total - (t_as + t_vs), is correct, assuming t_ad is included in the total but not explicitly subtracted here.