The hepatic artery and vein, direct blood to and drain blood from the:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) liver. The hepatic artery and vein are responsible for supplying oxygenated blood and draining deoxygenated blood to and from the liver, respectively. The liver is a vital organ involved in processes such as detoxification, metabolism, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. Understanding the role of the hepatic vessels in liver function is crucial for nursing practice, especially in medication administration. Option A) small intestine is incorrect because the hepatic vessels do not directly supply or drain blood to the small intestine. The small intestine receives its blood supply from the superior mesenteric artery and drains into the superior mesenteric vein. Option C) kidney is incorrect because the kidney has its own separate blood supply and drainage system, with the renal artery and vein being responsible for perfusing and draining blood from the kidneys. Option D) lungs is incorrect because the pulmonary artery and vein are responsible for carrying blood to and from the lungs for oxygenation, not the hepatic vessels. Understanding the anatomical relationships and functions of different blood vessels is essential for safe medication administration, as many drugs are metabolized in the liver. Nurses need to have a solid understanding of liver function and blood supply to ensure the safe and effective administration of medications that may be metabolized in the liver. This knowledge also helps nurses recognize and respond to potential complications related to liver function in patients receiving medications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of medication administration and nursing practice, understanding the role of different digestive system organs is crucial. The correct answer to the question, "Which of the following digestive system organs produces hydrochloric acid?" is B) stomach. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid (HCl) to help break down food and aid in the digestion process. This acid creates an acidic environment necessary for the activation of digestive enzymes and the breakdown of proteins. The incorrect options are: A) liver: The liver plays a vital role in metabolism, detoxification, and bile production, but it does not produce hydrochloric acid. C) pancreas: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid but does not produce hydrochloric acid. D) large intestine: The large intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from digested food but does not produce hydrochloric acid. Educationally, understanding the physiological functions of each digestive organ is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care, especially when administering medications that can interact with the digestive system. By knowing that the stomach produces hydrochloric acid, nurses can anticipate potential drug interactions or alterations in medication absorption based on the stomach's acidic environment. This knowledge also helps nurses assess and manage patients experiencing gastrointestinal issues related to acid production. In conclusion, a solid understanding of the digestive system and its functions is fundamental for nurses in medication administration and overall patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In medication administration, maintaining strict aseptic technique is crucial to prevent cross-contamination and ensure patient safety. The correct answer, option C, to wash the pill crusher after each individual's medication use is essential because it minimizes the risk of transferring medication residue, bacteria, or other contaminants between patients. This practice upholds infection control standards and reduces the potential for medication errors. Option A, washing the pill crusher between medication passes, is not as effective as it may not fully eliminate all residue from the previous medication, posing a risk of cross-contamination. Option B, washing the pill crusher between each medication, is also insufficient as it does not account for different patients using the same crusher. Option D, providing a separate pill crusher for each medication, is not practical and may lead to increased risk of errors and confusion during medication administration. Educationally, understanding the importance of proper medication preparation and administration is fundamental for healthcare professionals. Reinforcing the significance of maintaining a clean and sterile environment when handling medications is essential to ensure patient safety and prevent adverse outcomes. By adhering to best practices, healthcare providers can uphold the highest standards of care and promote positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In medication administration, certain medications are mixed with a suitable "vehicle" to aid in consumption. The correct answer, option A, stirring the medication into apple sauce, is appropriate because apple sauce has a smooth texture that can effectively mask the taste of the medication, making it easier for the patient to swallow. This method is commonly used for patients who have difficulty swallowing pills or need assistance with taking their medication. Option B, sprinkling medication onto a hamburger before cooking, is incorrect because heat can alter the medication's composition and effectiveness. Medications should not be exposed to high temperatures unless specifically instructed by a healthcare provider. Option C, adding medication to a condiment, is also incorrect as condiments may not provide an adequate consistency or flavor to mask the medication's taste, potentially leading to patient refusal or altered drug absorption. Option D, dissolving medication in a soft drink, is not recommended as carbonated beverages or acidic drinks can interact with certain medications, affecting their stability or absorption. Educationally, it is essential for healthcare professionals to understand the proper methods of medication administration to ensure patient safety and efficacy. Teaching patients and caregivers about appropriate medication vehicles can enhance medication compliance and ultimately improve health outcomes. By selecting the correct vehicle for medication administration, healthcare providers can optimize treatment adherence and patient well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Digoxin slows the heart rate by increasing vagal tone and is contraindicated if the pulse is below 60 beats per minute (bradycardia) unless otherwise specified, due to the risk of worsening bradycardia or toxicity. The first action is to hold the dose (Choice A) to prevent harm, then notify the provider or charge nurse for further guidance. Administering the dose (B) risks patient safety. Notifying others (C, D) is secondary to holding the dose.