The health of which of the following is the primary focus of public health nurses (PHNs)?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Public health nurses (PHNs) focus on improving the health of populations collectively rather than individuals, families, or groups. By targeting populations, PHNs can address underlying determinants of health, implement preventive measures, and create policies for larger-scale impact. PHNs work to promote health equity, prevent diseases, and improve access to healthcare services for entire communities. This approach allows for a more efficient use of resources and a broader impact on public health outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the CHN is empowering the women to engage in political action by writing letters to the local city council to advocate for the needed service. This action can bring about systemic change and address the transportation issue on a larger scale. Choice A is incorrect as it does not capture the advocacy and empowerment aspect of the CHN's actions. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the CHN is avoiding responsibility when in fact she is guiding the women towards a solution. Choice C is incorrect as understanding the concerns and needs of the women is important but the primary focus here is on taking action to address the issue through political means.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Choosing the needs of the aggregate, rather than the needs of a few individuals. This approach aligns with the public health principle of maximizing benefits for the entire community. By focusing on the collective needs, the CHN ensures equitable distribution of resources, promotes population health, and addresses systemic issues. Choice A may be subjective and not universally applicable. Choice B prioritizes cost over health outcomes. Choice C may not consider the broader impact on the community. Thus, option D is the most effective approach for resource allocation by a community health nurse.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because starting a rehabilitation clinic for middle-aged adults residing in low-income housing represents secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat health conditions early to prevent progression and complications. In this case, the rehabilitation clinic would provide services to address existing health issues and prevent further deterioration. A: Administering the influenza vaccine is an example of primary prevention, aimed at preventing the onset of disease. B: Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program is an example of primary prevention, focused on preventing injuries. D: Setting up a support group for teenage mothers is more of a tertiary prevention approach, which aims to manage and minimize the impact of existing health conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because primary health care emphasizes providing essential care that is universally accessible to all individuals in a community. This definition aligns with the core principles of primary health care established by the World Health Organization, which include accessibility, affordability, comprehensiveness, and community participation. The other choices are incorrect because: A: While collaboration among health care providers is important in primary health care, it is not the defining feature of primary health care. D: Primary health care focuses on addressing the health needs of all individuals in a community, regardless of their socioeconomic status, rather than only those who can afford health-promoting behaviors.