The health history and physical examination cannot reliably identify all persons infected with HIV or other blood-borne pathogens. Which infection control practice should the nurse use when providing eye prophylaxis to a term newborn?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of providing eye prophylaxis to a term newborn, the correct infection control practice is to wear gloves (Option A). Wearing gloves is crucial to prevent the transmission of HIV and other blood-borne pathogens during the procedure. Gloves act as a barrier to protect both the healthcare provider and the newborn from potential exposure to infectious materials. Wearing mouth, nose, and eye protection (Option B) is not necessary for this specific procedure as the primary mode of transmission for blood-borne pathogens in this scenario is through direct contact with blood or bodily fluids. Wearing a mask (Option C) is also not required unless there is a risk of respiratory droplet transmission, which is not the case during eye prophylaxis administration. Washing the hands after medication administration (Option D) is a standard practice in infection control but is not sufficient on its own to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens. While hand hygiene is important, wearing gloves provides an additional layer of protection that is essential when dealing with potentially infectious materials. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand and adhere to proper infection control practices to ensure the safety of both themselves and their patients. Emphasizing the correct use of personal protective equipment, such as gloves, in specific clinical scenarios like administering eye prophylaxis to newborns helps prevent the spread of infections and promotes a culture of safety in healthcare settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "The cervical cap can be safely used for repeated acts of intercourse without adding more spermicide later." This response is correct because the cervical cap can be left in place for up to 48 hours and can be used for multiple acts of intercourse within that time frame without needing to add more spermicide. This makes it a more convenient option for some women compared to the diaphragm. Option A is incorrect because both the cervical cap and diaphragm require the use of spermicide. Option B is incorrect because the diaphragm should not be left in place for more than 24 hours and must be used with spermicide each time intercourse occurs. Option C is incorrect as repeated intercourse with the diaphragm still requires adding more spermicide with each act. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the differences between various contraceptive methods to provide accurate information to clients. By knowing the specific features and usage instructions of each method, nurses can help clients make informed decisions based on their individual needs and preferences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct advice for a woman taking oral contraceptives using a 28-day pack is to take one pill at the same time every day (Option C). This is crucial for maintaining the effectiveness of the contraceptive pill and preventing unintended pregnancy. Consistency in timing helps ensure the hormone levels needed for contraception are maintained in the body. Option A is incorrect because limiting sexual contact for one cycle after starting the pill does not provide ongoing protection against pregnancy. Option B is also incorrect as using condoms and foam instead of the pill while taking antibiotics may decrease the effectiveness of the contraceptive pill, leading to an increased risk of pregnancy. Option D is incorrect because if two pills are missed during week 1 of the cycle, the woman should take two pills as soon as she remembers and then continue taking one pill daily. It is not necessary to throw away the pack and use a backup method unless multiple pills are missed. Providing accurate and detailed information on contraceptive use is essential in maternal newborn nursing to empower women in making informed decisions about their reproductive health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the acronym BRAIDED, the letter 'A' stands for alternatives, which is the key component of informed consent that the nurse must document. This is the correct answer because when obtaining informed consent, it is crucial for healthcare providers, including nurses, to discuss and document the available alternatives to the proposed treatment or procedure. This ensures that patients are fully informed and can make decisions based on a comprehensive understanding of their options. Regarding why the other options are incorrect: - Option A, "B stands for birth control," is incorrect because in the context of informed consent in maternal newborn nursing, the focus is on procedures and treatments related to childbirth and newborn care, not birth control. - Option B, "R stands for reproduction," is incorrect as reproduction is not a component typically included in the key elements of informed consent documentation. - Option D, "I stands for ineffective," is incorrect because the acronym BRAIDED is specifically designed to highlight essential components of informed consent, and 'ineffective' does not align with the key components required for documenting informed consent in maternal newborn nursing. Educationally, understanding the components of informed consent is crucial for nurses working in maternal newborn nursing to ensure patient autonomy, promote shared decision-making, and uphold ethical standards in healthcare practice. By documenting alternatives, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care and treatment decisions, fostering a collaborative and patient-centered approach to healthcare delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Barrier methods. Barrier methods, such as condoms, provide the best protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. This is because barrier methods create a physical barrier that prevents contact between bodily fluids, reducing the risk of transmission of infections. Option A) Periodic abstinence, also known as natural family planning, is not as effective in protecting against STIs and HIV because it does not provide a physical barrier against transmission. Option C) Hormonal methods, such as birth control pills, patches, or injections, are effective in preventing pregnancy but do not protect against STIs or HIV. They do not form a barrier against the transmission of infections. Option D) Same protection with all methods is incorrect because different contraceptive methods offer varying levels of protection against STIs and HIV. It is important for individuals to choose a method that not only prevents pregnancy but also provides protection against infections. In the context of maternal newborn nursing, it is crucial to educate women about the importance of choosing a contraceptive method that offers protection against both pregnancy and STIs, including HIV. Nurses play a key role in providing accurate information and guidance to help women make informed decisions about their sexual health and contraceptive choices. By understanding the differences between contraceptive methods in terms of STI protection, nurses can empower women to make choices that promote their overall health and well-being.