The health care provider has written these orders for a patient with a

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because administering furosemide 40 mg IV push is the priority intervention for a patient with symptoms of fluid overload, such as weight gain, edema, and crackles. Furosemide is a potent diuretic that will help reduce fluid volume in the body, including the lungs, improving respiratory status. Weighing the patient, fluid restriction, and maintaining accurate intake and output records are important but secondary interventions compared to addressing the immediate issue of fluid overload. Options A and B do not provide a clear rationale for their choices, making them incorrect. Option D is incomplete.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ethnicity. Body water content is primarily determined by physiological factors, such as sex, age, and body composition. Ethnicity does not directly affect body water content as it is not a physiological factor. Sex can influence body water content due to hormonal differences, age affects it due to changes in body composition and metabolism, and body composition, such as muscle mass and fat percentage, can also impact body water content. Therefore, ethnicity is the factor that does NOT determine body water content.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (25 percent) because plasma constitutes around 20-25% of extracellular fluid. Plasma is the liquid component of blood and is part of the extracellular fluid. Option A (0 percent) is incorrect because plasma does make up a percentage of extracellular fluid. Option C (50 percent) and Option D (75 percent) are incorrect as they overestimate the percentage of extracellular fluid that plasma constitutes. Plasma, while important, is only a portion of the extracellular fluid in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: plasma membrane. This is because the plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that separates the extracellular fluid (ECF) outside the cell from the intracellular fluid (ICF) inside the cell. It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining the internal environment of the cell. Choice B (blood-brain barrier) is incorrect as it specifically refers to a barrier within the brain that regulates the passage of substances between the blood and the brain tissue, not between ECF and ICF. Choice C (blood vessel walls) is incorrect as blood vessel walls primarily regulate the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues, not between ECF and ICF. Choice D (transcellular membrane) is incorrect as it is not a commonly recognized term in cell biology. The term transcellular transport refers to the movement of substances across a cell, which is facilitated by various cellular structures including the plasma membrane.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: salt balance. Salt balance is crucial for maintaining extracellular fluid (ECF) volume as salt, specifically sodium, plays a key role in regulating fluid balance in the body. When salt intake is high, the body retains more water to maintain osmotic balance, increasing ECF volume. On the other hand, low salt intake can lead to decreased ECF volume due to water loss. Vasopressin secretion (A) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, not salt balance. Free water balance (B) is important but does not directly impact ECF volume maintenance. Potassium balance (D) is more relevant to intracellular fluid balance and membrane potential, not ECF volume regulation.