The group of adrenocortical hormones concerned with electrolyte balance is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Mineralocorticoids, like aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa, regulate electrolyte balance (Na⁺, K⁺) via kidney reabsorption, maintaining blood pressure. Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) manage glucose metabolism and stress. Androgens (e.g., DHEA) influence secondary sex traits, not electrolytes. Epinephrine/norepinephrine, from the medulla, affect fight-or-flight, not cortical electrolyte roles. Mineralocorticoids' specific ion control distinguishes them, key to fluid homeostasis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The thyroid regulates basal metabolic rate (BMR) via thyroxine and T₃, setting energy expenditure. Dysfunction (e.g., hypothyroidism) lowers BMR; hyperthyroidism raises it. Pituitary affects BMR indirectly via TSH, not directly. Parathyroid controls calcium, not metabolism. Adrenal (cortisol) influences glucose, not baseline BMR. Thyroid's direct metabolic impact distinguishes it, critical for energy homeostasis, unlike secondary or unrelated glands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acromegaly, from adult GH hypersecretion, causes headaches (pituitary tumor pressure), visual issues (tumor on optic chiasm), enlarged features (ears, tongue), apathy, and glucose intolerance mimicking diabetes. Cushing's features fat redistribution and hypertension, not skeletal growth. Addison's shows fatigue and low glucose. 'Rhees's' is likely fictitious. Acromegaly's GH-driven signs distinguish it, key to its diagnosis, unlike adrenal or vague conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Glucagon, from pancreatic alpha cells, raises blood glucose via glycogenolysis (breaking glycogen into glucose in the liver), gluconeogenesis (forming glucose from non-carbs), and liver glucose release countering insulin. Glucose transport into cells is insulin's role, not glucagon's it mobilizes, not stores. All three (glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, release) apply, but single-option format favors glycogenolysis as primary. Its glucose-mobilizing action distinguishes it, key to fasting glucose maintenance, unlike cellular uptake.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The anterior pituitary synthesizes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to regulate thyroid function. ADH and oxytocin are made in the hypothalamus, stored/released by the posterior pituitary, and cortisol is an adrenal hormone, not pituitary-derived. TSH's production site distinguishes it, crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolic control, contrasting with stored or peripheral hormones.